SOUTH CAROLINA 



SOUTH DAKOTA 



ver valley an 



1691 



the Big Sioux 



ills, 



1 the 



have converted the £ai 

 gardens. The typical mountain % 

 white canvas, laden with luscioi 

 cabbages, mealy potatoes and fragi 

 of the" rude methods of the inhahi 

 region, are only suggestions of tl 

 fertile vallevs and mountain co 

 tion of skilful hands guided b; 



the high hind 

 ilities of the 

 s under the manipula- 

 rained head. 



J. S. Newman. 



SOUTH DAKOTA, HORTICULTURE IN. Fig. 23d6. 

 South Dakota, the twenty - seventh state admitted into 

 the Union, lies a little north of the center of the con- 

 tinent, between lat. 45° 57' N and 42= 28' S and long 

 9ii° -16' and 104° 3' W. of Greenwich. Its shape is 

 ai,nro\imatPlT a rectangle. Its extreme length from 

 *'/; t;, ,v. -f'i= :i86 miles; extreme breadth north to 

 J,,,, 'in ,.,,1. -■ area 7G,815 square miles; population 

 ,,,, I . , , ! The Missouri river divides the state 

 j,,, , .|ual portions. With the exception of a 



s,i' , ' ,,. II ill.- northeast corner, the southeast part is 

 iowrit 111.1 mU the streams flow in that direction. The 

 state may be divided into three sections: (1) the Black 



<: (2) the Table-lands 

 The Black Hills in 

 the southwestern 

 part are outliers of 

 the Rocky Moun- 

 tains, and the ex- 

 tensive and very 

 rich deposits of 



the Missouri, the Ja 

 river on the eastern b.inb-r. In th.- sniuhern part tiie 

 valley of the Verrailli"ii i .-n .i-r- lit.' ]ii:i..ii li.iw.-.n 

 the Sioux and the Jam. 1 I ■■ - ■ r \ :.ll._v- nr.^ .ill 



very fertile and blen.l i ' ■ ''' i':"" ili.'.Mi- 



Rouri at the south. Di\ . i - .i-ri il lu.- Il..uri-li. - m 

 these rich valleys, espi-.-i iM- in il... -..iiili.rii an.l intii.. 

 eastern part of this se.-ti..n. In ili'' lii-li.-r ur.'un.l in 

 the northern and western |.:ii-t. -t....k r:ii~iii!.' an.l ''•'"'■" 

 ing are the main indusiri..^ ..win:; tn tl... h-N-er raiiilall. 

 Since the defining of tlie artesian-wiil hasui, giiieiai 

 agriculture has been encroaching upon the grazing areas. 

 This basin reaches from the Missouri river eastward to 

 some distance beyond the .Tames. The pressure and flow 

 of these artesian wells varies from a t.-w pounds to 200 

 pounds per square inch. ,\ iL.w ..f .....r.. than :i.U0O ga - 

 Ions per minute has l»-.-n ..l.i,iin.-.l r.i.in an .s-inch well. 

 These wells are from Inn i., l.r.nn I . . ■ in .l.pth, and 

 afford a valuable means .if nriyati..i, an.l .-h.-ap water- 

 power. The water is supposed to come from the Kocky 

 Mountain region. The amount of this supply which can 

 be used has been roughly estimated at 326,80o,600,000 

 cubic feet annually, an amount of water sufficient to 

 fill a river-bed a mile wide, 20 feet deep and nearly 600 

 feet long. When this water is more generally utilized, 

 it is conflilently believed that the horticultural area 

 shown on the map will be extended to include the en- 

 tire state east of the Missouri river. 

 Horticulture in South Dakota is to a considerable ex- 

 1 in the experimental stage. Most of the plant- 



west of the Missouri river, with the exception of the 

 Black Hills. Five branches of the Missouri flow from 

 the western part of the state across these lands from 

 west to east. These are White, Bad, Cheyenne, Moreau 

 or Owl, and Grand rivers. The rainfall in this part is 

 too light to make general farming feasible, but the 

 native grasses are very nutritious and stock-raising 

 is profitable. Cattle, horses and sheep are raised in im- 

 mense numbers and feed the year round upon these 

 ranges, the dry climate curing the grass into the best of 

 hay as it stands. , „ .u » 



The eastern section contains three river valleys that 

 cross it from north to south, viz., the eastern half of 



ing of orchard fruits has been dc 



cial test" winter of 1884-8.'). heiK 



safe list until aftt 



nee the last ' 

 vill be difhcult i 

 next test 



glance at the map will show that the state extends well 

 below the north line of Iowa, and as a matter of fact 

 we find that the South Dakota fruit list partakes of both 

 Iowa and Minnesota in its characteristics. The southern 

 tier of counties in the southeast corner of the state can 

 raise varieties of the apple which are not at all hardy- 

 northward in the state. It is interesting to trace the 

 orcharding belt along the great river from far down in 

 Missouri northward between Iowa and Nebraska and 

 northward into South Dakota. In the Sioux and James 



