(is md Mutthiula 



STOCK 

 STOCK TEN WEEKS See 



STOCK VIRGINIAN Malio. 

 STOKES' ASTEK bee i>t<jkti 



STOKfiSIA (Jonathan Stokes, M D , 17')5-183], Eng 

 lish liotimst) Comp6\iUr Stores' Aster is one of 

 the I iitst, choicest TLi<l must distimt ot AnKiRan 

 hiiiU i)ereuuial htili^ li i i hhu ll.l pi iiit ih. iit i 

 fo..t hl.'h whl. h It In 1 _l ,1, I, , I HITS m . nun n 

 with ( liim 1st, IS .. n Mil I II I In M ih li i I 

 areiol4in icK.ss m . ulln it. n lb, iiiii^iiiili.H 

 ot flowers It, composed ot about 1') rn hie imolHs 

 which hare a verj short tube at the base and aie much 

 broadened at the ipex indent into 5 long, niiiow strips 



Stokes Aster is h-iidj as far noith ns Rorlu st< i , 

 NY and Boston Miss Probiblj ni n. ,.i n li im 

 been deterred from tijing it beciuse it i 



South Carolina and Cieort,ia, and b i 



sidered a greenhouse subjeit in sonn ' s 



on gardening The fact that it is found \ ill m \ i i iin 

 barrens is also deceptive, for the roots is W oolsou ind 

 Keller testify, will decaj if water stands on the soil m 

 winter Moreo\er the plant has been praised bv 

 Meehan for its drought resisting qualities Stokes' 

 Aster should be planted in a well drained, sandy loam, 

 not in cold and heavy clay. It blooms from August 

 until hard frost. According to Chapman, the heads of 

 wild specimens are only an inch across, but the size of 

 heads in cultivated plants is stated by many horti- 

 cultural experts to be 3-4 in. across. J. B. Keller writes 

 that Stokes' Aster is frequently used for cut-Howers. 

 In the wild the heads are few in a cluster or solitary; in 

 cultivation a good branch sometimes bears as many as 

 9 heads. No double form seems to have appeared. 



Generic characters: heads many-fld. : marginal fls. 

 much larger, deeply 5- cut: involucre subglobose; outer 

 bracts prolonged into a large, leafy, bristly-fringed ap- 

 pendage : akene 3-4-angled, smooth: pappus of 4-5 

 thread-like, deciduous scales. 



cy&nea, L'H^rit. Stokes' Aster. Fig. 2403. Much- 

 branched, hardy perennial herb, 1-2 ft. high: branches 

 often purplish: Ivs lanceolate; radical ones entire, 

 tapering at the base into long, flattened stalks; cauline 

 Ivs. gradually becoming sessile, the uppermost with a 

 few teeth near the base and half-clasping: fls. blue or 

 purplish blue, 3-4 in. across. Aug.-Oct. Ga., S. C. 

 B.M. 49CG. Mn. 5, p. 214. R.H. 1863:211. w m 



STORAGE 



1727 



STONECEOP. See Sedun 



STORAGE. 



Various ideals are confused under the 

 of storage. There are two kinds of 

 storage: (1) Common or non-refrigerator storage, em- 

 ployed mostly for holding perishable commodities tem- 

 porarily; (2) cold storage, in which low and even 

 temperatures are maintained by some refrigerating pro- 

 cess. The common storage, without refrigeration, may 

 be again divided into two species: (a) the storage may 

 be only a temporary halt, or a half-way station, on the 

 way to the shipping point, and where products are kept 

 for a day or are sorted and packed ; ( 6 ) it 

 may be a storing of products that are wait 

 ing for improved market conditions, and m 

 which an effort is made to maintain a rela 

 lively low and uniform temperature. In 

 this latter kind of storage, the low temper 

 ature is usually secured (1) by means of a 

 cellar or basement building ; or (2) by 

 means of controlling air-currents and venti 

 lation. This second type of storage, under 

 favorable conditions, reaches approximately ^ 



the same efficiency as temporary cold storage 

 A few specific examples will illustrate 

 some of the ideals and the means of at 

 taining them. Pig. 2404 shows a cellar storehouse, 

 such as is used by nurserymen. Sometimes these build- 

 ings are employed for the storing of apples and other 

 products. Usually the floor is two or three feet below 

 the level of the ground. 



The house shown m Fig 2405 is built on a side hill 

 and the bisenieut oi ccUir is used for the storige ol 

 trapes, the faist floor is used tor packing, and tb( 

 second floor or attic for the storage of baskets, crates 

 and the like This building measures 25x60 feet ovei 



:?4^- ,^^;i?;i'K^r,^;n..^ 





all. The foundation walls are 24 inches thick, and the 

 cellar is provided with ample ventilation by several 

 outside windows, and also by means of a chimney 

 that runs from near the middle of the cellar up 

 through the roof. The floor is of earth. By means of 

 careful attention to ventilation, this cellar can be kept 

 at 50° or below during September and October, and is 

 frost-proof through the winter. The windows are pro- 

 vided with close-fitting screens to keep out rats and 

 squirrels. This cellar will easily hold fifty tons of 

 grapes in the picking trays. The first floor is divided 

 into two rooms, the front one being a packing-room 25 

 feet square, and the back room a storage and shipping 

 department 25x35 feet. This front packing-room is 

 provided with heat and is lighted by seven large 

 windows. The floor above the cellar is double and 

 made ot IK-inch matched pine, with an abundant air 

 space between the two layers. This, therefore, pro- 

 tects the cellar from sudden fluctuations of tempera- 

 ture. The building is also shaded, especially from the 

 afternoon sun, by large trees. This building can be 

 erected in New York for about $1,200. It has 18-foot 



2404 A half cellar storaec 



led 



posts, a tin roof, the two rooms in the first flo 

 with pine, but the top floor not ceiled. 



An apple storehouse in Grand Isle, Vt., is shown ii 

 Figs. 2406 and 2407, and is described by Waugh (Bull 

 55, Vt. Exp. Sta.): 



