STORAGE 



means or by ice, cold storage can onh 

 lie accomplished by maintdining a de 

 sired temperature over a long period 

 In order to secure this the compart 

 ments in which the products foi storage 

 are to be held must be as perfectlj m 

 sulated from outside heat as possible 



Successful experimental refrigeration 

 by mechanical means was accomplished 

 as early as the middle of the eighteenth 

 century, but no successful commercial 

 application of cold storage was made uu 

 til after the invention of Low e s cii 

 lionic acid" machine m 1807 although 

 the present growth of the mdustiy i 

 due to the Invention of the ammoiii i 

 compression machine by Piofesboi ( ill 

 Linde in 1875. 



The process was flist exteusneh q 

 plied to the preservation of ni t li li 

 etc., but as early as 1881 thr M li mi il 

 Refrigerating Company of B i i i n 1 

 a cold storage warehouse \\)ii li i i ul 

 the beginning of mi-' I ni i I i i 

 tion as applied to li-ur t 



Other companies wr, 

 until now there ar.- n 

 ating plants in tin- I i i I ^i i 1 



which about 600 are used in tl\ 1 i 

 horticultural products Foreign coun 

 tries are now following the example of the United 

 States, and London, Lneij I ( 1 1 „< w V n\ and 

 other European cities off» i ! 'i I i t mi i h 



products. In the United ^r ' ir 



center for fruit storage, sin.l 

 100,000 barrels a year. Ap| I i i i 



fruit, good winter sorts hoi liii^ ih ii I i u 1 i u 1 



flavor better than any other Lommcreial liuit «h(_u htld 

 for long periods in cold stoiage Another reason wh\ 

 the apple is a favorite in cold stoiage is that people usi 

 it continuously over a long ptiiod A good apple is 

 always a relish. The apple too is the fruit which best 

 pays' the producer to hold m cold storage 



From the nature of the case mechanical ref rigei ation 

 will usually be confined to transoceanic trade, and to 

 cities and towns whcu the principal business of the 



a406 Apple storehouse m Vermont 



refrigerating machinery will be the production 

 for commeitMl and domestic use the cold s 

 \\ iiehou e being a side issui t i in ikiii^ 

 truit grower ^ho \\i h< s to a\ ill Iiini II t t 



the 



It 



2407. Structural details of 



buildine shown in Fig. 2406, 



i\ dildble his most 

 on to use it If in 

 plant or purchase 



E\i.i. I th 1 1)11 III II 111 1 i il 1 true 



hut liet 11 staitiii^ thi m on their louini ^, it is safest for 

 the grower to haie a suflicient supi K ot ice to fill the 

 pockets of the cat 



To hold apples from har\ est time until the over 

 supply of the season shall have been removeil, requires 

 storage rooms artificially cooled t.. ;i t.iii|.. i;,iiire suffi- 

 ciently low to check the process ■•( i i|i. iiim.'. which is 

 in reality the conversion of the ~i:inli ,,( the imma- 

 ture fruit into sugar. As long :is tlie stanli remains 

 as such, fermentation and decay cannot 

 act, but as soon as sufficient water and 

 heat are added to convert the starch 

 into sugar, riiiening proceeds until fer- 

 mentation and decay complete the work. 

 The object of cold storage, then, is to 

 check the rij^ening process, or, if the 

 fruit is ripe, to maintain a temperature 

 sufficiently low to check fermentation. 

 Theoretically, then, green or immature 

 fruits will keep better than ripe ones. 

 Green fruits should keep as well at 36° 

 as a ripe fruit at 32°, and this is in ac- 

 cord with experience. 



To successfully hold fruit in cold stor- 

 age, three conditions are essential: (1) 

 a low temperature; (2) an even tempera- 

 ture, and (.3) sufficient moisture to pre- 

 vent shrinkage, thus keeping the fruits 

 plump and crisp. Even in storage 

 rooms in which the humidity of the air 

 remains saturated, as indicated by the 

 ordinary wet- and dry-bulb thermome- 

 ter, considerable loss of moisture will 

 take place from fruits stored in crates or 

 open bins, while much less is lost by 

 those stored in tight receptacles. Indi- 

 vidual Baldwin apples under observation 

 in a room at 32° F., from January 4 to 



