17c 



STORAGE 



April 20, showed losses as follows: Open shelves, 5.3(14 

 grams; in sealed cans, .G02 grams; or a difference of 

 4.7(i2 grams in favor of the sealed cans. This at 

 least suggests the possibility of checking loss in weight 

 by the use of non-porous storage receptacles. Barrels 

 do not have any marked effect In checking this loss, 

 as fruits stored in headed and open barrels differed 

 only one-half pound in amount of loss during a period 

 of 147 days, the total loss being i}4 pounds on a barrel 

 of 139>^ pounds weight when placed in storage. 



The efficiency of a cold storage house depends more 

 upon the construction of the walls than any other single 

 feature. Perfect insulation is the ideal mark at which 

 to aim. The more perfect the house in this respect, the 

 less wear upon the machinery when refrigerating appa- 

 ratus is used, and the greater the economy in ice when 

 Ice is used. To accomplish this, non-conductors of heat 



to 1900, 

 reports 

 ished in 



Month. 



Nov. 1 



Deo. 1 



Jan. 1 2.00to 2.75 



Feb. 1 3.00to 3.50 



March 1 2.50 to 3.50 



Aprill 3.50to 4.25 



3.00 to 3.80 

 4.00 to 4.50 

 2.50 to 4.50 



$1.25 to $1.50 

 2 00 to 2.50 

 2.75 to 3.00 

 1.75 to 3.25 

 2.25 to 3.50 



should be used as far as possible in the details of con- 

 struction. For this purpose brick is superior to stone, 

 and wood is a bett.r non i-diiductor than either. For 

 permanence, howt\ tr. cillcji'Ti.'y in this respect must be 

 sacrificed. But as ilin.-.l :iir maybe better than an arti- 

 ficial substance, by iiiultiiilymg the layers or partitions 

 in a wall "dead-air spaces" can be increased and nearly 

 perfect insulation secured. For the practical orchardist, 

 however, cost must be considered, and if wood and pa- 

 per can be made to take the place of brick at a suffi- 

 ciently less co.st, permanence may be overlooked. This 

 can be done, and with these cheap materials very satis- 

 factory results obtained. After proper insulation comes 

 ventilation. With ice-cooled houses advantage should 

 be taken of all assistance which nature can lend. With 

 proper ventilating shafts for carrying off heat and mois- 

 ture and ample subterranean pipes arranged to admit 

 chilled air from naturally cool places such as ravines, 

 the temperature of the house can be greatly lowered 

 during frosty nights, and the store of ice husbanded to 

 that extent. During the winter months outside cold can 

 be admitted and housed up to maintain a low tempera- 

 ture far into the summer. The cold storage of apples 

 has now grown to be such an important factor in the 

 markets that reports are made from time to time to give 

 an idea of the quantity of fruit available, and to be used 

 as rational basis for fixing the selling price of apples at 

 any given season. 



The following figures, as reported by the National 

 Apple Shippers' Association, will serve to show, not 

 only the method, but the magnitude of the storage busi- 

 ness as well: 



Ben Davis ranged higher at the close of the storage 

 season, but as it was dififtcult to secure consecutive re- 

 ports of that apple the Baldwin was chosen instead. 



This indicates the margin of profit there is for the 

 producer in holding his fruit in cold storage. The aver- 

 age is $2.37M per barrel, which gives the aggregate of 

 $2,899,375 on the apples in «old storage during the year 

 1900. 



The apple, grape and pear are important cold storage 

 fruits in eastern United States. The great profit of 

 cold storage to the grower has come through enabling 

 him to withhold high-grade fruits, and even varieties 

 which keep poorly in common .storage, from the market 

 at harvest time. Desirable sorts which are normally 

 out of market by Thanksgiving time can be held much 

 longer in cold storage and the profit from them greatly 

 increased. The idea that summer sorts can be made to 

 do duty as winter sorts through the agency of cold 

 storage cannot be realized. For the best results only 

 the choicest specimens of the winter sorts should be 

 allowed to go into storage outside the farm warehouse. 



Besides the great revolution an<l 

 development in apple growing 

 which has resulted from the addi- 

 tion of cold storage to the trade, 

 a corresponding growth and spread 

 of the peach, strawberry, cherry 

 and plum industry have resulted , 

 from the development of the r 

 frigerator car service. As early as 

 1805 attempts were made to carry 

 perishable products such as 

 peaches, raspberries and strawber- 

 ries long distances in refrigerating 

 boxes and artificially cooled cars. 

 While these early experiments must 

 be counted as failures, they led up 

 to the present extensive fruit- trans- 

 portation business, which is con- 

 ducted on the same idea as the 

 Pullman sleeping car— that is, of 

 providing refrigerating cars, which 

 run over certain roads, gathering 

 the fruit from areas having a large 

 output, re-icing the cars at given 2409. Detail of wall 

 points, and carrying the product of storehouse, 

 for many days in good order. The Flooring; b. fur- 



development of this industry was ^ng gt^ip . c, paper ; 

 duetotheskillof Mr. F.A.Thomas, d. 2x4t e, 18 -inch 

 of Chicago, in cooperation with stone wall. 

 Parker Earle, then of Cobden, 111. 



With the application of refrigeration to the storage 

 room of ocean liners, Australia, Tasmania and New 

 South Wales become our competitors in the apple and 

 orange markets of the world. This business has lonff 



