1794 



THEOBROMA 



the larger proportion of the original fat retained, while 

 the so-called "Cocoa" preparations are the same ma- 

 terial in fine powder, sweetened or unsweetened, but 

 with the greater proportion of vhe Cacao fat extracted. 

 This fat, when clarified, is a pure white substance, 

 almost as hard as beeswax, and is used in many phar- 

 maceutical preparations. Chocolate and Cocoa are both 

 made from the beans or seeds of Theobroma Cacao and 

 T. pentagona, and only differ in the method of prepara- 



The word "Cocoa" is a market corruption of the 

 original Spanish "Cacao," which was adopted by Tourne- 

 fort as a generic name but has since been displaced 

 by the Linnaiau Theobroma. J. H. Hart. 



THEOPHRASTA (Tlir.,],lirastus was a Greek natural- 

 ist and pliil..s.,|.lii'r, :!7n-2sr, B.C.). M/jrsinAceie. Ac- 

 corcUiit; to liriitliaiii .V ll....kpr, this genus has but a 



single "species. T.Jii ". "f S:,n iL.nnnL'o. .1. I>e- 



caisne, in Annalcs .1. ■-.hi - Njimrlh- i^.f l.^.i; 



(ser. 6, Bot. 3) conir;. i < - . r , , I :, In- 



& Prantl's"Pflan7,.Mii . r 



of the above, rei'"u'iii/(- i"iir -|.i-i. li . i.,imics 



occur in the American trade, only "Im' nt wln-li i-^ a 

 true Theophrasta according to eithir of tin- iilmve 

 authorities. This is T. Jussieui. Tlji-.i^ "f tli.in an- 

 to be referred to the related genus Clavija. an. I "U.- ( '/'. 

 imperialis) is now regarded as a sp.M i. •, .•( (Iiry-" 

 phyllum (of the family Sapotaceas). Th- .hirl i. .Iini .al 

 diiferences between Theophrasta and (In i,ia aiv in iln- 



flowers and fruits. In Theophrasta tl r..lla i- .>l 



indrical and shallowly O-lolicI : '■tanMnil i i itiaclinl ou 

 the base of the corolla: fr. lai : . ml m n -i i-ded. lu 

 Clavi.ia the corolla is su1m..i i i . nlv .5-cleft; 



staminodia attached on tin- i i : i.iiia; fr. 1- 



many-seeded. Theophrasta ii-rli in- hnl. - a glabrous 

 .shrub with erect, nearly simple stem, the simple Ivs. 

 crowded at the ends of the branches, the fls. large, 

 white, in racemes. The fls. are perfect and gamopeta- 

 lous; calyx and corolla with 5 divisions that are imbri- 

 cated in estivation, the corolla bearing a corona In the 

 throat; stamens 5, fixed at the bottom of the corolla- 

 tube: pistil one, with short style and capitate stigma. 

 Fr. fleshy and apple-like, many-seeded. The species 

 referred to Theopllr.^sta in the .\merican trade are 

 handsome large folia-., plant-; f..r warmhouse culture. 

 An allied genus is .lar.|ninia, whi.-li see. 



The following ciilinral n..i. i^ proliably applicable to 



the 





base. One only of: tlie sprouts should be left; when it 

 is well starteil the old stem may be cut down and after 

 waiting until a little more growth has been made the 

 plant should be taken from the pot, and be cleaned of 

 soil and dead roots and repotted. 



A. Juive milky. 



imperiilis, Linden (properly Cliri/xuphiilhcm impr- 

 riAle, Benth.). Lvs. ..l.,,\ at..-..l.I..n- t., ,,i,l..i,- ..M;iii..e... 

 late, 3 ft. long on laf-.- |.laiii-: il- i ' ■ .n, 



small, in pediculate .Ih^.i.t- ..n ili. I.. ■ : ,, i , t,-. 

 5-angled, nearly glol.iilar. I-:: iii.ihi.l l.i.. IM. 



6823. I.H. 21:184.-This s]..-,^,,-. ha. :.. alii.ai.d 



since the middle of the nin.i. .ntli .rniniy a- TImo- 

 phrasta, but upon flowering in l',iir..pi an iranh n- was 

 found to belong to Chrysophvllnni. a ^'.nn-. of the fam- 

 ily Sapotaceae. 



AA. Juice not milky. 



B. Corolla mostly deep hut the limb shallotv - lobed : 



fr. many seeded (Theophrasta). 



c. Triiiil- "I- stem not spiny. 



JuBsietii, Lindl. Lvs. linear spattilate, about IK ft. 

 long and about one sixth as wi.h-, obtuse, strongly 

 spinose-dentate, with hlai'k-tipped teeth, the midnerve 



THERMOPSIS 



very strong and the secondary ones confluent at the 

 margins: inflorescence racemose, the racemes axillary 

 and loose-fld. : fls. rather long-pediceled, bracteate, the 

 calyx-lobes ovate and erose-dentate, the corolla tubular- 

 campanulate, white, the corona annular and entire. 

 San Domingo. G.C. III. 2:429.-It is not known to the 

 writer whether the plant in cult, in this country under 

 this name belongs to this species or one of the two fol- 

 lowing. 



fiisca, Decne. (T. JitssiTei, Hort.). Stem simple, with 

 ash-gray bark: lvs. linear or linear-spatulate, 18 to 20 

 in. long and about 2 in. wide, obtuse, varying from 

 nearly entire to repand-denticulate to strongly spinose, 

 midnerve strong and tawny red at the base, the secon- 

 dary nerves confluent at til. l.iif lull Lin: inflorescence 

 paniculate or racemose, 1 1 . .. , li.n-t and densely 



fld.: fls. on slender p.. . ..late, the calyx- 



lobes orbicular and cilloi.:. I ,,a tirceolate-cam- 



panulate, dull brown, the cuiuna ., lobed. Probably 

 West Indian, but the species founded on cult, speci- 

 mens.— The name T. fiisca is not known to occur in the 

 American trade. 



CC. Trunk spiny. 



denslfldra, Decne. Stem with black spines, the bark 

 brownish: lvs. linear-oblong, 14-lG in. long and 2-2i4 

 in. wide, coarsely spinose-dentate, the secondary veins 

 nnni<-r.ins ami |.r..w.i.- 1 and somewhat pellucid : in- 



ll.„-, , ,.. I. II. Ill,, I :,n,i .-..ri ml, - hi,.., compact, the 



hiiiii I I ■ |,, , . . .aiiipanulate and 



« Ini. , 1 1 , .1 , ,.,■.,,!,, ,, \vliat ciliate and 



cjUaliliL ll ,.r,,|l:i 'ill,.,, ll r..li:. .'. lobed. SaU Do- 



mingo. B.M. 4L':!!I (as T. Jii.^siiei ] .-The name T. den- 

 siflora is not known to occur in the trade. 



Corolla 



c. Leaves ohtu 



CC. Lvs. acute. 



and obtus 

 d dark violet, 

 le or forked: 

 ■s: calvx-lobes 

 5-lobed. Bra- 



aigh: lvs. crowded, subver- 

 ticillate, oblong- spatulate to lanceolate, narrowed at 

 the base, mucronate, spinosely dentate, 1-1 J4 ft. long, 

 about 9 in. wide: racemes 4-10 in. long, usually pendu- 

 lous: fls. fragrant, saffron-colored. Peru. B.M. 4922. 

 B.R. 21:1764. 



latifdlia, Willd. (properly Clav\ja latifblia, C. Koch). 



A tender tree: lvs. oblong, petioled, narrowed at both 



ends, mucronate-serrate: racemes erect. W. Indies.— 



The species seems to be imperfectly known to botanists. 



L. H. B. 



THERM6PSIS (Greek, lupine-like\. Leguminbsa: A 

 genus of about 15 species of perennial herbs native to 

 North America and northern and eastern Asia. They 

 are erect plants with large, 3-foliolate, stipulate leaves 

 and showy yellow or purple flowers in terminal or axil- 

 lary racemes. The following species are all handsome 

 hardy perennials bearing yellow flowers in early to late 

 summer. They are not particular as to soil or position, 

 but do best in a deep, light, well-drained soil. They 

 are generally deep-rooted plants and endure drought 

 very well. 



Propagation may be effected by division, especially 

 in T. montana, T. fabacea and T. rhombifolia, which 

 spread extensively by the root, but in general the better 

 way is by seed, aithough the seed is rather slow to ger- 

 minate and .should be sown as soon as ripe or in the 

 spring with some heat. 



A. Pod strongly recurved. 



rhombifdlia, Richards. Plant about 1 ft. high, 

 branched: Ifts. u.sually oval or obovate, K-1 in- long: 

 fls. in a compact spike: pod glabrous. June, July. 

 Western states. B.B. 2:265. 



