1822 



TOOLS 



tained effort in that direction is Thomas' "Farm Im- 

 plements and Machinery," 1859 and 1869. Useful hand- 

 books illustrating various farm devices are "Farm Con- 

 veniences " and Martin's "Farm Appliances," both pub- 

 lished by the Orange Judd Company. L. H. B. 



TOOTHACHE TKEE. See Xanthoxylum. 

 TOOTHWORT. English-made name for i>cn(ana. 

 TORCH LILY. Kniphofia 



TORfiNIA (after Olaf Toren, clergyman; traveled in 

 China ITSO-Sa and discovered T. Asiatica). Scrophula- 

 riAcece. At)«)iit "JU s]itTiis of annual or perennial herbs, 

 mostly low, h]:uic)iiii^' uiid somewhat decumbent, with 

 simple, op|M.siif, ^iiT;it(- or crenate leaves and tubular, 

 somewhat ;;-li|.|i.,l tlowrrs in terminal or axillary, few- 

 fid, racemes. The species are mainly from tropical 

 Asia and Africa. Calyx tubular, plicate or 3-5'Winged, 

 obliquely U-.'i-dentate or '2-lipped at the top; corolla- 

 tube cylindrical, usually much wider above; posterior 

 lip erect, broad, concave, notched or more deeply cut; 

 lower lip large, spreailing, with ."i nearly equal lobes; 

 stamens -4, perfect: capsule oblong; seeds numerous, 

 small. 



Torenias are of easy cultivation and are very u.seful 

 for window-boxes, low borders or even for large masses. 

 The flowers are not large but the plants are floriferous 

 and keep in good leaf and flowers from spring to frost. 

 T. Fournieri has the best habit for a bedding plant, 

 but it may be bordered with T. flava. The plants are 

 easily raised from seed, but may also be grown from 

 vhich root quickly. 



2S33. The hand-wheel hoe. 



A. Fls. mainhj yellow. 

 fliva, Bueh.-Ham. {T. Bdilloni, Godefr.). Usually 

 decumbent and creeping: Ivs. 1-2 in. long, ovate to ob- 

 long, coarsely crenate; petiole half as long as the blade 

 or less: fls. axillary and solitary or scattered at the 

 ends of the branches in pairs on an erect rachia; co- 



E. Asia. B.JM. G700. F. 1883:55. 



AX. Fls. miiinbj blue or while. 



Asiitica, Linn. Annual, erect or diffuse: stem quad- 

 rangular: Ivs. ovate or ovate -lanceolate, long-acumi- 

 nate, serrate, obtuse, not cordate at the' base, rough to 

 the touch: peduncles axillary, single-fld.: corolla large; 

 tube dark purple; limb 4-lobed, of a delicate pale pur- 

 plu-blue, with a dark blotch on 3 of the lobes, without a 

 yt-llDW CVI-; stamens 4, the 2 longer with a subulate 

 spur. India. B.M. 4249. 



Fournieri, Lindr-n {T. nhUituhi. ITort., not Br-ntb,). 



Fig.25:U. I.ou, Im.^I,., ,,.u.,r, ;,,,i,.,:il,l„r in, ,„ :,rlv 



1ft. high: >i. I: 1 , :. .: !.,.■.■. ,:, . ., ' ,-, ■ ,: , , 

 late, \-\l-! Ml. ;..,,,..,•,,,.• i: ' .•; 

 corolla-tulH■ I, ■. , _. , , . ..( i, ^ i , i.|H ,j , , /,.■ 



posterior lip nol ,ul, p^.lc bhu , lui .mUilur .. 1..1hiI: 

 lobes round obtuse, dark purplish blue, the anterior 

 lobe marked with a yellow blotch. I.H. 23:249. R.H. 

 1876, p. 465. B.M. 6747.— Var. 41ba, Hort. (var. White 

 Wings) has pure white flowers. A. F. 5:401. G.M. 36:87. 

 Var. ^andifldra has somewhat larger fls. and is more 

 free-flowering. In the neighborhood of Philadelphia, 

 self-sown seed sometimes germinates in the spring ; 

 also seeds of T. flava. -p ^f. Barclay. 



Torenia Fournieri in Florida is an excellent substi- 

 tute for the pansy, which is cultivated only with diffi- 

 culty so far south. Young plants come up by the hun- 

 dreds around the old 

 plants from self-sown 

 seed during the rainy 

 season. The species 

 can also be propagated 

 with great ease by cut- 

 tings. The Torenia 

 shows its full beauty 

 when planted m beds 

 or borders or m masse s 

 in front of small ever 

 green shrubs It flow 

 ers abund am ' 

 throughout the sun 

 mer, and even late i 

 fall isolated flow 1 1 

 may be found Tli 

 best results are ol 

 tained by treating 

 as an annual An 

 good and rich ligl 

 soil seems to meet i1 



requ 



It i 



ceeds almost every- 

 where but prefers 

 shade and moisture. 

 It even grows luxuri- 

 antly in wet places 



along ditches and water-courses where forget-me-nots 

 grow in the North. If such localities, however, are very 

 shady, the flowers, though much larger, are neither pro- 

 duced as abundantly nor are they colored so brightly as 

 in sunny situations. On the other hand, it is sometimes 

 found in such dry positions, where only cacti and yuc- 

 cas manage to live, that one can scarcely understand 

 how it is able to succeed. In good soil the Torenia 

 attains a height of from 8 to 10 inches, and when 

 planted about 8 inches apart soon cover the ground en- 

 tirely. There is already a great variety in colors, but 

 the typical plant has beautiful light blue and royal 

 pnrplf flowers, with a bright yellow throat, in texture 

 , iv:ilii.,i; the most exquisite velvet. h. Nehrling 



TORNILLO. See Prosopis pubescens. 



T0RR|;YA (after Dr. John Torrey, one of the most 



distinguished of the earlier American botanists: 1796- 

 l»7:i). Syn., Tiimion, Caryotdxus. Coniferm. Orna- 

 mental evergreen trees, with spreading, usually whorled 

 branches, clothed with yew-like, two-ranked, dark green 

 foliage; the fruits are drupe-like and about 1 in. long. 

 The Torreyas are but little known in cultivation and 

 rarely seen in a flourishing condition. The southern 



