TULIPA 



center; filaments glabrous, flattened: ovary prismatic: 

 stigmas large and usually crisped. Origin uncertain. 

 Introduced from the Turkish gardens in 1554. Long 

 since hybridized and cultivated out of all semblance to 

 any wild forms. Supposed original form (Baker) in B.M. 

 6439 (as T. Schrenki). Darwin tulips (Fig. 2597) are a 

 recent strain of long-stemmed, late, self-colored tulips. 



TURNIP 



1875 



I Saxifraga, Flower 



Var. Dracbntia, Baker (Fig. 2599). Parrot Tulip. 

 Similar in habit : perianth usually yellow and red 

 striped and splotched; segments deeply cleft and la- 

 ciniately dentate. F.S. 21:2211 (as T. Turcica}. 



VaT.ava.t'hulkta,(T.spathumta,BeTtoL). This differs 

 from the type in its larger fls. of a brilliant red color, 

 with a large purplish black blotch at the base of each 

 of the segments. Italy. — Probably the largest of the 

 wild Tulips. Catalogued by many bulb growers as "T. 

 6. vera." 



Var. Strangewilysiana, Reboul. Very large, brilliant, 

 dark scarlet flowers, with a handsome dark basal blotch. 

 One of the naturalized Tulips found without disposi- 

 tion to vary in fields near Florence, Italy. F. 1880:65. 



Var. dlbo-ocuI4ta, Krelage. Deep campanulate fl., 

 with a slight sweetish mawkish odor, bright red, with a 

 distinct white basal blotch ; inner segments obtuse, 

 outer acute; filaments white 



T. flava. Hort.. Krelage is often confu-ied with Mtclhna m 

 gardens, though perfectly distmet Flu a is yellow ier\ ro 

 bust, tall, and at least a f irtuight Uter in blooming \ itelhn i 

 is almost white when old Imperfectly Vnown —T lanata 

 Kegel. Dwarf: fls. large goblet shaped rich yernnlion with i 

 large black spot at the base ot e%ch of the segments Impel 

 feotly known.-r. Persica Willi is a sjn njm of T patens 

 Agardh, a Siberian species not known to tlie trite It has fls 

 about 3 in. across, greenish outside whitish msi le with a \ ellow 

 eye. The outer segments are narrower It is figured inB M S88^ 

 as T. tricolor. T. Persica of thetrale his 1 een contused by the 

 Dutch with T. Breyniana Lmn the piopei name of which is 

 BsBometra Columellaris, Salish. Bceometra is a monotypic 

 genns native to South Africa. There are no true Tulips in 

 ,South Africa. The important generic distinction between 

 Bieometra and TuHpa lies in the dehiscence of the capsule; 

 that of the former is septicidal, ot the latter loculicidal. 

 Bieometra is figured in B.M. 767 as Melanthiuni uniflorum. It 

 is a dwarf plant 4-6 in. high with funnel-shaped fls. .about 1 in. 

 across, yellow within, tinged with deep brownish red outside. 

 The segments are oblong and subequal. Although a native of 

 the Cape, the plant is supposed to be hardy. 



Arnold V. Stubenrauch. 



TtTNICA (Latin, a hniie or coal, from the imbricated 

 involucre). Caryophylliicea'. Small slender herbs with 

 linear opposite leaves, with habit of Gypsophila, but 

 botanically more nearly allied to Dianthus. From Di- 

 anthus they differ in smallness, the central flower of 

 the cluster not bracteate, the calyx top-shaped or cylin- 

 drical rather than short-tubular and 5- or 15-ribbed, the 

 calyx-teeth obtuse; petals 5 and styles 2. There are 

 about 10 species in Southern Europe and in Asia. T. 

 Sazifraga, Scop. (Pig. 2604), apparently the only spe- 

 cies in cultivation in this country, is a tufted spreading 

 hardy species suitable for rockwork and blooming in 

 summer and fall (see bottom p. 737). It is a wiry- 

 stemmed perennial, growing 6-10 in. high: fls. small, 

 with rosy white, lilac or pale purple notched petals. A 

 recent novelty is a double flowered variety. It is more 

 compact and dwarf than the type, and the fls. last 

 longer. Tunicas are propagated by seeds or division. 

 T. Saxifraga has become adventive in some parts of 

 the east. L. H. B. 



TtrPA. See Lobelia. 



TUPELO. SeeiVi/.fs«. 



TURK'S HEAD. Melocactits communis. 



TURNIP (Plate XLVI) is a name somewhat loosely 

 applied to two species of vegetables. In this country, 

 and apparently properly, it is applied to vegetables 

 characterized by thick light-fleshed roots that are usu- 

 ally more or less flattened or at leiist not irreatly elon- 

 gated, with leaves that are li.-iii . :iimI nii Ljlaucous. 

 These vegetables belong to tlir -; '. .i Bapa 



(see page 178). In the term is - : : ■ i uMrdthe 

 Swedish Turnip or Rutabaga, ;i i-t ni ihii i- . haracter- 

 ized by having a more uniformly i-hnii^atcl-oval yellow- 

 fleshed tuber with roots springing from its lower portion, 

 a thick elongated leafy neck, and glaucous-blue leaves 

 that are not hairy. This plant, however, is considered 

 to be Brassica campe.itris. Whether tlir-se two species 

 exist separately in wild nature is not i.ositivi'ly known, 

 but they appear to be well detiinMl mi.ii-r cultivation. 

 Both species tend to run wild in ohl fii'lds and to lose 

 their thickened roots. They are thou suinelinies, though 

 erroneously, known as charlock. The nativity of these 

 species is unknown, but they are almost certainly 



2606 Rutabaga— Biassica 



European or Asian in origin Characteristic tubers of 

 these two plants are contrasted in Figs 2605 and 2606. 

 The former is commonly km nn heie is ' flat turnip" 

 and the latter as riitabaixa oi- n i I I ij:a According 

 to Vilmorin, the plant tliat I is Rutabaga is 



known to the French as .lion i Mm England as 



Swedish Turnip and tun)i|i-ri tt I I I ige 



