VANILLA 



VANlLLA.(bpamsh little sheath or pod) OrchitlAce e 

 \ WILL A. elimbmgorchidswhosebiariLhed stems is ml 

 to aheishtot man-i feet The nodes 1 e u I i i Ins 



and aeriil roots m alternate arrangi i i M \ 1 



Uiy racemes or spikes without an iii\ 1 i I ' 1 



of the ovirv sepals and petals sim 1 i i i In 1 

 bellum united with the colui-u the limb enveloping the 

 uppei poition of the Ktter column not winged About 

 20 species m the tiopits 



VARIEGATION 



1901 



The : 



upon 



yeii 



«lleh cultn ited li 1 

 Miuiitms lud otl L 1 

 requirement beinj i 1 

 propagated by cuttm^ 

 about 12 tt the lou^ei < 

 toiy These ire eithei pi i 

 tied to a tree so th \t the^ 

 with the eiith They st 

 which connection with the 

 usually tr line 1 on trees s 

 by the forked bi inches 1 

 used as supports In most 

 IS earned on pjUmating 

 flowei s must be pollinate i 

 fii t tiuit about th 

 continue to fruit for ^0 

 pods lunu-iUy The \ 

 they are ripe, an 1 1 I 

 the outside F i 

 ture and njetho 1 

 21 U b Dept ot \ 

 G Ubraith Vanillin 

 by chemical means Tl 

 lb96 by B A Rolte m J 

 plamfdlia, Andrews ( 1 

 Fig 20 i9 CoMM N \ 

 the pKls) Tall 1 I 

 Ivs thick oblong 1 

 stout petirles fls \ II 



labellum tiumpet si ij e 1 



I nieiel\ 



i"ots 'bj 

 They aie 

 upported 

 are also 

 lifultuie 



as monographed 



loles \\i 

 thioujim 

 LB C « ' 



aromitica Sw 

 with I bluntish p 

 ish and white J 



t Me 



G C 111 2j 211 (in 1 



an. il 1 li s 1 1 ddl) ovate, 

 iti t 1 t tl 1 Hs gieen 



Col ml 11 Tl I ilid 



Heiskich Hasselering 



VANILLA PLANT. Tri 



'iniillii. uljove. 





VARIEGATION This term is usually applied to a 

 cl iss ot \ ariations, especially in leaf coloration, m which 

 tht leues become striped, banded, spotted, blotched, 

 et( , \\l*h jellow, white, led and various othtr colois m 

 connei tion with the noimal gieen ot »t\,< \ \ iti n ot 

 tlie leaves In the case of yellow aniU\ 1 i \ m in 



m Ihiitilini s. // n ' I 



that 



have 



many other genera. Different kinds of v 

 shown in Figs. 2W0-1. 



True variegations may be distinL^iiishe.l 

 colorations, bleaching, chlorosis, . ir.. l,y 

 the colored areas are usually (luii.' sIk 

 They do not gradually blend into la.h ..i 

 definite boundaries. Cells in the variegaieu areas are 

 found, as a rule, to contain the same chlorophyll bodies 

 (chromatophores) as the ordinary green cells of the 

 plant. However, in the variegated parts, the green color 

 is not developed, and the chromatophores are often 

 smaller or are somewhat swelled and vacuolate. In the 



case of chlorosis, due to the lack of iron, or yellowing 

 due to the lack of light, a leaf will quickly develop its 

 normal color if given the proper conditions. This is 

 not the case, however, in variegated \ea\ es While the 

 intensity of whatever color the chromatophores may 

 have can be varied by light and food, a variegated cell 

 can never be changed by these means to a normal cell. 



The chlorophyll granules (chromatophores) appear to 

 have lost entirely, m man> cases, the power to make 

 staich and sugar from the carbonic acid gas in the air, 

 and in othei cases this power is veiy greatly reduced. 

 In practically all cases, however, -Hhen the chromato- 

 phores are not destroyed, they retain the power to con- 

 veit sugar into starch and they thus store up starch m 

 their tissues from the sugar manufactured by the 

 healthy cells of the leaf. 



White or albino variegation is of course due to a lack 

 of any coloring in the chromatophores, and some- 

 times to the entire absence of these bodies. The cells 

 seem to have lost completely the power of making 

 rill .lonhvll These all.iiml vimaitions ai. to be 



iilho Inn lit,,}, etc . the epi.l i I 



and dehnite color variation i 



usually involve the niesnph\ 11 i i i 



In some genera, however, espec i ill\ i iliim i \\i liiiii 

 all gradations between purely epideimal vaiiegation and 

 changes involving the deeper laveis of the leaf, as in 

 (7. Veitchii and C. Makoyana. The same is true of 



the stai\ation and 

 In other cases, as 

 ; made Large yel- 

 lowish oil - like drops occur in the substance of the 



