1942 



obovate - obtuse petals standing well apart, the spur 

 half or more as long as the petals and acute. S. Eu. 

 B.M. 791. — Frequently seen in gardens and much prized 

 tor its large, bright flowers. Good for spring bloom. 

 Hardy. There are several colors, represented in Alba, 

 Purpurea, Mauve Queen and Papilio. The last has 

 Very large flowers, violet in color, with small dark eye. 

 Fig. 2685. 



l'l,i 



imperfectly perennial 

 vation. 



tricolor. Linn. Pansy. Heartsease. Figs. 1634, 

 lt);j.3. (_Tlabrous or nearly so, the stems becoming long 

 and branched: Ivs. cordate or round-cordate, those of 

 the stem becoming lanceolate, all stalked and crenate- 

 dentate, the stipules 

 large and laciniate: 

 fls. large, u.sually 

 about three colors 

 represented (except 

 in highbred self va- 

 rieties), the spur 

 short and iuconppic- 

 uous. Eu. — When 

 strayed from culti- 

 vation, the flowers 

 become small and 

 lose the markings 

 characteristic of the 

 highbred Pansies. A 

 small - flowered field 

 form, thought by 

 some to be indige- 

 nous to this country 

 as well as to Europe, 

 is var. arvfinsis, DC. 

 See Pansti. 



Following are 

 North American Vi- 

 olas that have been 

 offered to the trade: 

 A. Blue Violets 



ning into white 

 and striped 

 forms ) . 

 Beckivilhii, Torr. 

 " liray. " 



erally distributed. 



canina, Linn., var. Muhlenbergii, Trautv. ( V. canina, 

 var. s.i/lvestris, Kegel). Minn., east. Var. adunca, 

 Gray ( f. adunca, Smith). Mostly western. 



cognata, Greene. Offered in Colorado. 



Hallii, Gray. Calif, and Oregon. 



VIOLET 



AA. White riolets. 

 blanda, Willd. Fig. 2686. Low places, across the 

 continent. Pretty little species, fragrant. Var. reni- 

 foliii. Gray. Northeastern states and Canada. 



lanceolata, Linn. Nova Scotia to Florida and Texas. 

 primuhpfolia, Linn. Canada to Florida and Louisiana. 

 striata, Ait. Yellowish white. Mo., east. 



AAA. Yellow Violets, 

 glabella, Nutt Rocky Mts. to Calif, and Alaska. 

 Inbata. Benth. Calif., Oregon. 

 yuttalUi, Pursh. Kans. to Calif, and north. 

 pedunculata, Gray. California seeds are gathered for 

 export. 

 piibescens. Ait. Fig. 2687. Dakota, east and south. 

 rotimdifolia, Michx. Nova Scotia to N. Car. 

 sarmenfosa, Dougl. Idaho to British Columbia and 

 Calif. 



Sheltonii, Torr. 

 Calif, to Washington. 



VIOLET. Commer- 

 cial Vnllivation.- 

 TIh- Vi<.b-t probal)ly 

 ranks third in com- 

 niiTcial importance 

 among florists' flow- 

 ers in America. It 

 has risen greatly in 

 horticultural import- 

 ance within recent 

 years. The Violet 

 .season is only about 

 seven months, while 



and carnations is 

 fully nine months. 

 As with the other 

 leading flower crops, 

 — roses, carnations 

 and chrysanthe- 

 mums, — the Violet 



the 



vear 



Eastc 



Var 



Hill). 



ton iV: 



Linn. ( : 



lHat> 



palmata, Hort.). 



for- 





round. Though Vi 

 lets require no stak- 

 ing, tying or disbud- 

 ding, other laborious 



sary. The status of 

 Violet culture has 

 been below that of 

 the other important 

 florists' flowers as 

 regards general care and efficiency of management, 

 and consequently quality of product. For many years 

 a crop worth millions of dollars annually was raised 

 with scarcely any discussion in the trade papers con- 

 cerning methods. There are national societies devoted 

 to the rose, carnation and chrysanthemum, but none to 

 the Violet. So low had the interest sunk in Violet cul- 

 ture on its professional side that the ''Violet disease" 

 was spoken of by the florists as if it were only 



thii 





the 



i!,'ht 



md 



Hill's uai.i.- I. -. il7i.;ii i^ ii-r,l ratlior tlKUi 



Alton's V. car,,//. ,1^1 , I ;,-:!). Tl,,. ,.,„r,i,M.n,-^t \-i..l,.i i„ 

 the northeastern siair^. r. ,././/./;,,<, y:,r. s/r,u/.i. i^ a 

 striped form now in ih.- tra.l.'. and iml ui nniam wiM. 



One of the most variable species in stature, form of 

 leaves, and color of flowers. It is easily colonized in 

 the garden. 



pedata, Linn., Bird's-foot Violet, and one of the hand- 

 somest species. Sandy soil, Atlantic states and west to 

 Ind. Terr, and Minn. It runs into very distinct forms. 



Var. bicolor, Pursh. Two upper petals much darker. 



Var. alba, Hort. Flowers nearly white. 



rostrata, Muhl. Michigan, east. 



sagitlafa. Ait. Minn, and Texas, east. Var. picta, 

 Hort., has striped flowers. 



Selkirl-ii, Pursh. Northeastern states and Canada. 



trinervata, Howell. Washington. 



ing and a close study of actual market conditions have 

 had an important influence in raising the standard of 

 commercial Violet culture. 

 There is a popular impression that Violets are an easy 



