rule the results obtained are much better tha 

 ny other method. 



Frame culture with or without artificial hea 

 ang plants are placed either directly in the f 



VIOLET 



taken not to injure the roots of the plauts. During the 

 sniiiir.'- t>M- t.?ni.erature should be kept as low as pos- 

 -ii " ""I '" 1 ^' "inter as nearly as possible at 45° to 50° 



I ! : 11° to 60° in the daytime. The ventila- 



II i I I, r^ should receive careful attention at 

 ull 1 1 MH . '> Mill :in abundance of fresh air can be sup- 

 plii il to the plants when needed. Watering is a difficult 

 problem, usually taxing to the utmost the best judg- 

 ment of the grower. No fixed rules can be laid down 

 as to the proper amount to apply or when to apply it, 

 thi"> (I'-pi-ii'liiiL'- upon a number of factors, such as the 

 cli:n:nhr "f 111.- soil, temperature and moisture of the 

 ainKi-pii'i.-. .iiii'iuiit of light, etc. As a rule, however, 

 the s.iii vlii.iilil ]„. kept moist at all times, and the wa- 

 teiiiiK .-.hcjulcl Ih- thorough, but never to such an extent 



remain saturated for any consid- 

 erable length of time. 



I'iolet Houses and Frames (Fig. 2692). -There is 

 probably little choice between any of the standard 

 styles of greenhouses, provided certain features are 

 observed in their construction. Provision should be 

 made for supplying an abundance of fresh air, either 

 from the sides or top, whenever it is needed, the venti- 

 ged as to be easily operated either 

 from the outside, the inside 

 ' used in general ventilation of the 

 e whenever fumigation with hydro- 

 > necessary. The arrangement and 

 location of the house should be such 

 as to secure the maximum amount 

 of sunshine during December and 

 January, and the minimum amount 

 during the growing season, when it 

 is necessary to maintain as low a 

 temperature as possible .«o as to in- 

 good, vigorous, healthy-grow- 

 ing plants. The location of the 

 house and the direction in which it 

 should run depend largely on the 



This method is still 

 able extent by com 

 especially in region 

 ever falls below zen 

 growers usually adn 

 plicity and inexpi-n^ 

 Pot culture: Tin- 

 in thumb-pots ami ; 

 growth demands mil 

 are kept and tlnw.ii 

 the field in the fall : 

 ing to the size ami \ 



inconveTiii-nt ami iis 



ent growiTs am] in . 

 ever, tl..- i.i-si, ivsul 

 done ill <:\r\v -piin 



and ■iii.iv V iL'iifiiii- 1 



growers, 

 vhere the temperature seldom if 

 or any length of time. Amateur 

 this method because of its sira- 



uiii: n.ofpd cuttings are planted 

 nlualh shifted to larger sizes as 

 til. •^ aic in 7-in. |mts. Here they 

 .'!■ til.' jilants :,,;■ tak.li up from 

 I pni Hill. 7- Ml' ;i ill, |Mii-, ai'cord- 

 i.r .if II).' |.|ai.ls. Tln^ iii.-thod is 



the 



Pr..]..T lii-iaii.T III iiiaiiiiii-: As a rule, the double 

 Violets ar.' |i|aiiii il s ,,i M in ,.].art in rows 10 in. apart, 

 and tin -iiijIi 11,11 - I- III :i|.ai-t in rows 12 to 18 in. 

 apart. III. .Ii-iaii.a .1. hi ii.hii:' s.iraewhat on conditions 

 and vaii.ii.s. riaiiiiim t.... .-l.ise is liable to induce 

 disease, and too far apart is unprofitable. 



Care and management: The plants should be kept 

 free from all weeds, runners and old decaying leaves, 

 and the earth should be frequently stirred", care being 



2690. New York (X 1). 



section of the country, the character of the ground 

 on which it is to be erected, and the style of house 

 selected. Generally speakinir. the even - span house 

 should run north and south, ili.- ilin.' iim.rtcr span and 

 the lean-to east and west. Tli. !■. -t ^n. I..r the house 

 is a level piece of land or ..n. -l..|iinL.' i.-.ijfly to the 

 south. Three kinds of gre.iil,..n-i' liaimwork are in 

 common use in this country; viz., wood, wood and 

 iron, and iron. On account of its comparative cheap- 

 ness and durability the wood and iron framework is 

 coming into general use. 



