1962 



WALNUT 



by means of two ferments or enzyms secreted by the 

 organism. One is a diastatic ferment which converts 

 the starch of Walnuts intr. '^-rapp «n-iir: tlic other is a 

 peptonizing feriiiHut \\lii'-)i .liL'r-Tv the |ir"i'j<|v .if the 



cells. The action ..f lln--.^ Innirnl^ lirr,,in.., iiiallifest 



in the development I'!' ;i \^ ;iti I -'^kiil Katnl iinni.iilutely 

 surrounding the inar-^'in ..f He- lila.k, ii,,l inl.n. .1 spot 

 if the disease is active, and tliis appearance readily dis- 

 tinguishes this malady from all other injuries to the 

 nut or branch. As the secretion of the two ferments 

 depends largely upon a temperature of 65° to 75° P., a 

 much lower temperature is unfavorable to the destruc- 

 tive action of the blight upon the tissues, and when 

 such low temperature prevails the infected points are 

 likely to be cut out through the action of the cells of 

 the Walnut. 



The losses from Walnut bacteriosis are often heavy, 

 especially in individual orchards or special localities. 

 A loss of 50 per cent of the crop is not uncommon, and 



WARDIAN CASES 



son Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1836. He settled 

 in Cincinnati in 1B37 and began the active practice of 

 medicine. He was early elei-t<-.l n in.ii.^i r of the school 

 board and did faithful servj.-. h i !■ ■••■.; • . ais. making 

 it his business to travel throa I :' , in slates and 



cities to study systems of teaii i lo introduce 



improved plans into the I'n Ih- was 



actively interested in and a i i i , i ihe 



Cincinnati Astronomical 8o( n ■ M . W . i : ... , mv 

 of Natural Sciences, the Ciia i ~. . : ,,al 



History. He was one of ll,. i ; . ^ i . . i ali 



Horticultlll'al ~^-i-a f ■ :ifMlll.\', , I ., , , ,1 



He was al-.. ' ; . ..:., . :• i , • ^,. 



and afteru-a;.: ,• , a 'i ' a, . i. , a . . :,. . , |. 



llOLg 



can Pomological ticiciety. Hi 



draw public attention to the improvement of publii 

 grounds, private parks and cemeteries. The present 

 interest in landscape gardening in this 

 country is largely due to his eftorts and 

 writings. He was interested in estab- 

 lishing the famous Spring Grove C'enie- 



'<!'■ i iva.a ,. I ml,,,, a-taljUshed 



1850 he began the publication of 

 Western Horticultural Review, 

 h continued four years. In one 



desc- 



2713 Walnut orchard in Southern Cilifornia 



occasionally as high as 80 per cent of the nuts aie 

 affected in badU disc isi il onhiids 



The treatment t ilii \\ Innt disease has been found 

 to be difficult I nt ili i i \ n f the dormant tree has 

 shown a consul i II i\iii_ uiun Bordeaux mixture 

 IS used It hi ll I n I in d tint till hiidshell 

 Walnuts are eomp ii itn 1 ' h i il i li ind 



that cert >in softshell \ 111 i ' t the 



grafting of nurser\ st I s is 



contemplated for new ( i I i i I W al 



nut except J leqia has Uni In I v ii tin li eise 

 under naturalconditions maii> lulnuh/ itious h i\ t been 

 undertaken in hope of obtaining resistant and satisfac 

 tory trees by this means Newton B Piekce 



WALNUT, INDIAN. Ahwites triloba. 



WAND PLANT. Galax aphyllu. 



WABATAH. Telopea speciosissv, 



WARDER, JOHN ASTON, physician, author, horti 

 cultnrist nnd forester, was born at Philadelphia. ,Tan 



moved to Spriiigfielil, Ohio, where he helped clear up i 

 farm and first became interested in agricultural science 

 and comparative anatomy. He was graduated at Jeffer 



ill lWi."i. was the result of much patient 

 sliiilv iiiul investigation. "Hedges and 

 Evergreens " appeared in 18,58. "Anieri- 

 t in Pomology — Apples," published in 

 1867, was the result of more than 16 

 years of careful study, aided by hun- 

 spondents in various parts of the cen- 

 ts still considered a standard authority 



con\ention at Chicago to form an American Forestry 

 Societj which organization was completed at Phila- 

 delphia in '^eptenilipr, lH7fi. The pnhli. 



pressed • 

 pioneer i 

 effort II 

 ties Dr 



sul),iect, but this 

 e plans for united 



of various socie- 

 less, asking for a 

 y in Europe, but 

 y aroused until, 

 can Forestry Con- 



general interest wa- noi ila 

 largely through his . iiori-. ili. 

 gress held its meetiiiL' m ( iia' 

 was honorary presi.lcin of lia iil.i.i State Forestry So- 

 ciety, prepared stroni' m. ma a! - i. . ( '. nai < - - . n 1^ Imlf 

 of the forests an. I ' : i t"i 



agent of the Depinia i -n 



forestry of the n.n ; i, >. . - ,,.;.-. II. >. n .1 



in his interest in all uln.h la.ia. ins nnal lil'a ami in- 

 dustry; his efforts had a great and marked effect on the 

 horticulture and outdoor art of the great central states. 

 Death ended an active and useful life July 14, 1883. 

 R. H. Warder. 

 WARDIAN CASES are nearly air-tight glass cases 

 ns..| lor traiis|...rting growing plants on long sea voy- 

 a;;is. I".,r iliis purpose they furnish the best and safest 

 inetlio.l. They furnish the necessary light, protect the 

 ).lants from salt spray and foul gases, and require a 

 minimum of care, as the plants need no watering. 

 Thev maintain nearly uniform conditions of tempera- 



