WIGANDIA 



df.iii.lv .•r.-n:it>- n\:irgius and lax, terminal, C3'mase paui- 

 ,■1, - !l,, Ki M. li,-^ of which are 1-sided spikes or ra- 

 ,■ : - , ^-ments linear; corolla broadly bell- 



x| ; , i li. lit tube and 5 spreading lobes; stamens 



.",. u.iiilli I \-i rtr.l: styles 2, distinct at base: capsule 

 2-valvecl : simmIs small and numerous, pitted-wrinkled. 



The species of Wigandia are endlessly confused in 

 current reference books, as well as in the trade, and 

 Index Kewensis reflects the general perplexity. The 

 following account is based upon Andre's revision of the 

 genus in R.H. 1861:371, with an important change in 

 the name of one species which requires a somewhat 

 tedious explanation. In respect to IF. nrei(S. Andr^ 

 follows the previous revision by Choisy in DC. Prod. 

 10:184. The name Wiqandia tirens was first used by 

 Kunth, who applied it to a Mexican plant. Before this, 

 however, another plant of the same family but a native 

 of Peru had been called Hijilrolea urens. Now when 

 Ch(jisv r.uiu' u> iii"ii"i;riipli thr whole family he trans- 

 fcrrr.i Ihi.ln.l.a in; lis t.i ilii- -i-iiiis Wigandia and called 

 ir ]Vn!aii'!ni in;>i^, ^lMli^\. lie, therefore, had to in- 

 vPTit a iirw iKUiii- f.T till'' ."Mcxir.iu plant, and this he 

 called Wiijandui KiDithil. Clioisy's action would be 

 approved by the radical school of American botanists, 

 but not by the international rules of nomenclatun- 

 known as the Paris Code of 18tJ7. Hence it is necessary 

 to give the Peruvian plant a new name, and it is here 

 called W. Peruviana. The "common" or English names 

 suggested below may be convenient in explaining the 

 difficulties of the genus. (Kunth=HBK.) 



c. Phnii H-iili nistii Iniirs macrophylla 



cc. J'huii H', II,, lilt riistii hnirx Peruviana 



BB. Si>il:iy l-snl'il hilt not S-ninked, 

 till' tlx. III! iiiiiiitinij in one direc- 



Color III 



urens 



Caracasana 

 Vigieri 



macrophylla, Cham. & Schlecht. Large-lea^t:d 

 Wigandia. Tender Mexican perennial plant, attaining 

 a height of 6 ft. or more in a season when treated as a 

 subtropical bedding plant : plant covered with two 

 kinds of hairs, long white, stiff, spreading, prickly ones 

 and short rusty hairs: only the lower surtacf of h s. 

 covered with a thick, white felt : spikes l-siibd. J- 

 ranked: fls. violet, with a white tube. R.H. ISlil ::i, 1. - 

 The above is Andre's conception of the species, but 

 some writers would make it a variety of W. tcrens, 

 Kunth. The Ivs. attain nearly 3 ft. in length under per- 

 fect conditions. Lvs. oval-elliptic, base more or less 

 heart-shaped. 



Peruviana ( W. uims. Ch.i^^y. not Kunth.). Peruvian 

 Wigandia. Tender I't-nivian ^iil. shrub, distinguished 

 by the absence of rusty liaiis aiid by the 2-ranked spikes 

 of violet flowers. Very hispid with long, stiff, spread- 

 ing hairs: Ivs. S-ti in. long in their native place, ovate- 

 cordate, covered with a white felt below. R.H. 1867, p. 

 470 (same as N. 4:208; doubtful). 



iirens, Kunth, not Choisy (W. Kunthii, Choisy). 

 Mexican Wigandia. Tender Mexican subshrub, distin- 

 guished by its 1-sided but not 2-ranked spikes of violet 

 fls. and densely hairy capsule. Very hispid: Ivs. ovate- 

 cordate, pilose on both sides, rusty hairy above. 



Caracas4na, Kunth. Venezuelan Wigandia. Pig. 

 2722. Tender Venezuelan subshrub, distinguished by 

 its 1-sided but not 2-ranked spikes which are revolute 

 at the apex and l)y the capsule which is merely hoary- 

 puhescent. Il;iiry: Irs. elliptic-cordate, hairy on both 

 si. lis. nistvliairv above: fls. pale violet or lilac. B.W. 

 4.".7:. laMapicl ill Fig. 2722). B.R. 23:1966. F.S. 8:7.=i5 

 (pa-c 171. (ill. 4. p. 503; 8, p. 198. R.H. 1859, p. 053. 

 (The tirst three pictures are authentic — The Its. are 

 longer and more acute than those of If. nrens. It 

 is probable that the plants cult, under this name are 

 really ir. macropliitthi. Andr^ found it so in 1861, and 

 the trade is conservative about changing names. 



Vigieri, Carr. Imperfectly described species of un- 

 known nativity. Carri.ri- imrrly said it was a silvery 

 plant instead of soiiiImv ami -Iiiiiiimti~ "likt- IT. Cuni- 



ra.sa«0 " (by which he p.rlia|i- nirant ir. um,- mjili ijl In). 



Nicholson says the fls. an- lilai- l.liu-. pasMiii.' tiin.iit;h 

 vinous red to' fawn-color before fading. In the Ameri- 

 can trade the red color of the fls. is considered distinc- 

 tive. N. 4:209. w. M. 



WIKSTRffiMIA /after a'.Swedish botanist). Tliynie- 

 la'i'iini. W. ;"M". ,".',.. I- "11, icmI Ijv importers of Japa- 

 nese iilaiits, I , I I. Mil- <->-li-brated Japanese 

 copyiiiu pa]M I v\ iK^inriiiia is a genus of 

 about Jo v|i,r|. , : II,. . ,,,■ -.hi-ubs native to tropical 

 and .a-i. Ill A-i:,. .\iistialia and the Pacific islands. 

 Lvs. i,pp,,~iti . rail ly alternate: fls. hermaphrodite, in 

 teniiiiial ra,inii- ,,r spikes; perianth-tube long; lobes 

 4, spri ailing'; staim-ns 8, in 2 series; filaments short; 

 disc ot 1-1 scales: ovary villous, 1-loculed; style short; 

 stigma large, globose: fr. fleshy and naked or more or 

 less included in the base of the perianth. 



canfescens, Meissn. {W. pancifldra, Franoh. & Sav.). 

 Small shrub, 1-3 ft. high: lvs. 1-3 in. long, thin, alter- 

 iiati' ami opposite, oblong-lanceolate: perianth 3-4 lines 

 Inim: Ir. silky. Himalayas, Ceylon, China. 



WILDER, MARSHALL PINCKNEY (Plate XLI), 

 di.stiuguished amateur pomologist and patron of horti- 

 culture, died at his home near Boston, Dec. 16, 1886, in 

 his eighty-ninth year. He was born at Rindge, N. H., 

 Sept. 22, 1798. His inherited love of country life soon 

 showed itself, and at the age of sixteen he chose farm 

 work in preference to a college course. At twenty-seven 

 he moved to Boston, where he was long known as a pros- 

 perous merchant and president of many societies and 

 institutions. His active interest in horticulture may be 

 dated from 1832, when he purchased a suburban home at 

 Dorchester, where he lived for more than half a cen- 

 tury. His pear orchard at one time contained 2,500 

 trees, represr-iitiiv_- siio vaviiti.-s. T>iiviii- his life be 

 tested 1,200 k" ■!- ■■<' ,- ■ - ■ ," is,- \,.. ,.xliii,if,.,| 4114 



introduced tl,, ■.: II' ■■■', ■ -l many tiinis ami 



flowers new 1., A m, n,;,, aii,l 1 i,,ii. Is:::; i,, tlir i-ml of Ins 

 life he was ccnstaiitly i-iintribnting to the society exhibi- 

 tions the products of his garden. He carried a camel's 

 hair brush in his pocket and was always hybridizing 



He delighted in floriculture, and his i:im(llia inllic- 

 tion. comprising at one time 300 varieti.s. »:i^ ili, l„ st 

 in America. He raised many new kinds,.!' raimlhas, 

 though he lost 500 seedlings by fire. His I'luinlliu 

 Wilderi he sold to florists for $1,000. He also had a 

 notable collection of azaleas. As early as 1834 he pro- 

 duced a double California poppy, 

 floral noveltie 

 or exhibit in 

 hardv kinds ■ 



ch he was first to import, culti 

 "■ ilia lo.stn (18 



uake 



var. iiiiniditliirii (1841), 

 iim, the first of Japanese 

 . (1836). and Oncidinm 



which bore ninety-seven 

 s the first orchid reported 



The Marshall P. Wilder 

 to a later generation. 



to horticulture were in- 



Wilder'; 



timately connected with the Massachusetts Horticultural 

 Society and the American Pomological Society. Of the 

 former he was a member for fifty-six years, and presi- 

 dent from 1841 to 1848. He was "one of the founders of 

 the American Pomological Society, and with the excep- 

 tion of a single term was its president from its organi- 

 zation in 1848 until his death in 1886. 



Wilder was an organizer. He is counted one of the 

 founders of the Massachusetts Board of Agriculture 

 and of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, and of 

 the United States Agricultural Society (1852). He was 

 president of the last from its foundation until 1857, and 

 from 1868 until his death he was president of the New 

 England Historic Genealogical Society. At twenty-six 

 he was a colonel, and in 1857, after declining the noral- 



