1982 



WINTER PROTECTION 



other vines placed thickly over them ; or if in an open 

 exposed situation, they may be wrapped in straw. Fig. 

 2731. Better still, hill up the soil quite high at the roots, 

 — to prevent breaking and to afford protection and drain- 

 age,— and extend the mound in the form of a gradually 

 diminishing ridge. Bend the canes along the ridge, 

 choosing a time when there is no frost in them, and 

 cover with soil or sod. If the presence of a lawn pre- 



box, inside which 



this method, lay on the grass and cover i 



over, tlir t,i|.^ ti. M I.I III 



tags lii-nriii;.' I'li- 



record takt-n nl iln n i 

 stored to prevrni In - w 

 spring. Makf ,i ilnl 

 one end, and lili \' n li li 

 Lap the roof li > n ; i 

 ventilation. In : 

 the top for ;i I. 



week or so to ~l i 1 1 m 



prostrate until . .il l.w 

 placed in coldframus or 

 used until spring, as tin 

 Tree peonies and yn<'i-: 

 placed over them, larj:.- 

 from touching the wond. 

 deutzias— except D. /■ . 

 are hardy — /(eo Vii:i 



■ . ' - I. ' ii-.. are 



feet" ill li.i-iii ili-N -lii.iild \<r stakr.l t.. pn-vent high 

 winiK III I : : i L them over. Rhododendrons and 

 Az(il< ,!:>.■ I.I iii.iiited out are taken up, the roots 



given -A •-■ 1 ■'! ■■'- ill a tub, and replanted in cold 



pits, ui- III li.ix.-^ |i|.iiicl in n coldhouse or pits. In the 

 spring, auotlii r l.aih is i^iviii them and the soil firmly 

 pounded aroiniil ilinn lulmr n-planting. This is essen- 

 tial for continiiiil viL'nr. Cut nil vines of the clematis 

 to within one III- \\\'> ti ri '■!' tin- erround and lay them 

 down, first iimmiii.Imi- iiir-i.il n I'.'w in.ili.s if surface 



drainage is lu.t v I :iii.l ..n .r \v itii ii-li.-. lii.\. .1 leaves, 



or soil, or miil.'li will :iiiil \\i:i|. il :iiii-\\iili straw. 



If close to a iwrrli ..r sir|i«, .li. imi 111 till- -wrjit snow 

 stay over them, unless well priitected, as this snow 

 solidifies and excludes air. If, as some now think, the 

 broken outer skin of the hybrid forms,— Jackmani, 

 etc., — subjects them to disease, then thesf v.arieties 

 should not be bent over, but stnki il miil \vrn].|.i il. It is 

 best not to cut the foliage of tin . .;' ' ,,. 'ii .Tapan 

 iris, as it, of itself, is a good pri.: . mure at 



the base is essential. Cut down .1. , /' , j. cover 

 heavily with any material, and c.'u\ n all witii lar paper 

 or water-tight shutters. Place hidf-rofted leaf-mold 

 over fern beds, narcissi, English and Spanish iris or 

 any early - blooming bulbous plant, or a light-strawy 

 covering that is easily removed. Fine old manure a few 

 inches thick is good and can remain. Place a good coat- 

 ing of stable manure around the trees on the lawn, and 

 when they have been established any length of time 



WINTER PROTECTION 



bear in mind that the feeding roots extend out as far 

 as the branches do. The soil under them has a double 

 duty to perform — to sustain both the tree and the grass. 

 Place short stakes around groups of platycodons, A»- 

 clepias tuberosa, or any other plants that are late to ap- 

 pear in the spring. Otherwise they may be overlooked 

 in the spring and injured by digging. Examine all la- 

 bels and see that none are cutting into the limbs of 

 trees. Replace all rotten or defaced ones in the bor- 

 ders, using heavy labels, as thin ones often break off 



■iii'^i'i. I'. [|| I ■- i- .1 - i mall rial for labels. A good 



I ' I'll)- made of a thin sheet 



! I i . n I .1 I I il II with a stylus. The 



I - li ill a I i-ii . i ,, il. ring 3 or 4 inches in 



.11. um u I. [.laev.l luuuu.i li.i iiuiik and allowed to lie on 

 the ground, buch a label is durable, iinobtrusive and 

 requires no attention for fear of cutting the wood, nor 

 can it be lost. -vV. C. Egan. 



Pits, Cold Pits, Storage Pits and Plant Cellars ( Figs. 



rfa.'e 



fram 



tire heat. They are employed alnmi i m i, 

 storing dormant plants. They are n. ; 

 ing growing plants any length of tim. i ■ 

 linu-,-s in which to grow plants, 'liiiv -h.i.ii 

 smith and hp sbrdtond against north wmus 

 ilia's 111- ..tli.T wiii.l-lin-aks. Owing to their i.o> 

 -li.iiil.l 111- pui 111 \v. 11 .Iraiiied ground only and 

 t.M'tid a:;ainsi Miidar. water. A well-design 

 yard is the best possiljli- place for small pits 



The coldfraine (see Frame) used by market-garden- 

 ers for wintering cabbage and lettuce for spring plant- 

 ing, or by the florists for pansies, primroses, forget-me- 

 nots, etc., is really a simple pit. Such shallow pits, 

 with proper protecinin. an- iis.tiil for many other small 

 plants which wonl.i in- iiiiunil by severe weather. A 

 deep pit, like a cddiram. . i- sli.iwn in Fig. 2736. A pit 

 built on the plan ot tin- .il.i fasliiimed "outside cellar" 

 (Fig. 2737) is very useful fur storing tubers and roots. 

 See that it is well ventilated. A section of another pit 

 is shown in Fig. 2738. More elaborate pits, for accom- 

 modating large plants, are illustrated in Figs. 2739-42. 



Forms of Fits.- Consult 

 Fig. 2741, in which the 

 entries are numbered for 

 convenience Nos. 1, 2, 3 

 and 4. Nos. 1,2 and 3 show 

 inexpensive and conven- 

 ient pits for small and 

 medium - sized plants. 

 They mav be bnilt 4 ft. or 

 less beh.w tl,.- 1,-v.I ..f 

 the 



the grt 

 width I 



tliin I il. i I lid 273.^. 



nil I III Plants protected in a barrel 



I"' '' "" '■' 'lid covered with burlaps. 



the straw mats and wooden shutters in common use. 

 See Hotbeds. 



These pits are useful for storage in winter and also 

 for carrying some of tlie hardier Kfoenliouse plants in 



autumn until the li. IN -I - an nlii id .i il In-ysunlhe- 



mum crop. Nos. I ; : ' . ' ' I . d- in spring, 

 if filled with the li I ...in.: . n winter pro- 

 tection, and are al I i : Inli i i j .- sm-h plants 



as euphorbia dm iiij iln -i.ii i. I in \ ..le generally 



too deep f.n- diiiiL,- Imili-.N. N.I-. 1 an. I 2 are planned 



1 end of No. 3. No. 2 does not 

 c.ist niii.di iiiori- than No. 1 and furnishes more room. 

 Bv putting a tew doors in the board roof, excellent ven- 

 tiiation is provided. No. 3 gives the best head-room, 

 but is rather dark for evergreens with soft foliage, e.g., 



