512 



ECHINACEA 



ECHINOCACTUS 



in ordinary soils, and may In- um-i1 tii liclp cover unusu- of a greenhouse with a southern exposure, in a mound 

 ally dry and exposed s|i.ii.. I h. i. i .ml well to rich of fine gravel about eight or ten inches deep. Insert 

 soil, especially sandy lo;iiii, ! ■ : i arm and sunny the base of the plants in the gravel and syringe them 

 sites. They are perenni;.' m-. Prop, by overhead once a day on bright days. The gravel gets 



division, though not too fnijih III 1 ; - mim tunes by seeds. very hot with the sun, and in this they root freely in 

 The roots are black, pungciit-ta^UMi, and are said to be three or four weeks. When well rooted they can be 

 used in popular medicine under the name of Black placed in pots. A good compost consists of six parts 

 Sampson. Bentham & Hooker refer Echinacea to of good fibrous loam, one part sand and one part brick 

 Rudbcckia. rubble, i'ots should be just large enough to hold the 



purpirea, Mcench. Commonly not hairy, typically P'"''^'^ "'"' •'l'""!'' 'w drained about one-fifth of their 

 taller tlian E. anqmtiloUa, 2 ft. or more high : Ivs. d.-i.tli. I r.,iii Mi.i-.ti to May is a good tmie to pot e.stab- 

 ovato-lanceolate, or the lower ones broadly ovate, often ''-I"' l' '"' ■ I"" if the soil is good and the drainage 

 5-nprvo.l,<-nmmonlydenticulateorsharply serrate, most ='!' "^''" "" > ' '" 'imam in the same pots for two or 

 of tlicin :iipni|itlv Contracted into a margined petiole: tlin i \,,fi., 



i:r , : I ii, I :, M inch long and broadish, later often 2 in. ' '" I I""' I '"M I'rnv.. ,,11 lli.- sunlight possible at 



. Ail h the same color range as £. a"Sf«.s/i- all tn,,. - -i 1 1,. - . n , i 'iini.L- th. winter they should 

 / ,1 I \- almost white. Rich or deep soil. Va. '"' "''"'I >■') ; :it m-l , l.ut li, spring and summer 



ani liui" 1- III. and La. *'">" ''■'" '" '■■''''''I ir...|s- an.l svringed overhead on 



Var. ser6tina, Nutt. (E. inUrmidia, Lindl.). The J",'^''', ' ! , ^i ,",,',',' '^-^o 'to''-' u'^'iSir'* Ind"'the*at'}Jios' 

 varietal name means late-flowering, but the chief point ', " ;' , ,, ,,, n'.,'.'t><-'tlv drv- PronkWion is efTecteri 



is the hairy or bristly character of the plant. L.B.C. ' , , „'LhA; ^"P^^at'on >s effected 



]G:1539. P.M. 15:79.-J.B.Kellersays "this is, perhaps, ^'^ - and grafting. Robert Camehon. 



the best form of the genus for garden purposes, the Tli.^ .Iiv. i -ii\ m| fMiin oxiiibited in the genus Echino- 



rays being much brighter colored, broader and not roll- cartas sin'-i- tin- u*-- inia A~trophytum and Lophophora 

 ing at the edges." aiv ii..\v iialii.l.'i. tnak.', tiiis one of the most interest- 



angustifftlia, DC. Bristly, either sparsely or densely: j."- "*' ""' ."';"'' ,' '■';_'"; •■""•'>■• j'"'''^'".";"''* K'"^"l«f 

 Ivs. narrower than in E. purpurea, irom broadly Ian- 1'"''"- ' ' ■'■ ' ' ' '^ ""' f'>^"nlv r"''"''''''' """''«; 



ceolate to nearly linear, entire, 3-nerved, all narrowed en-, i: ' ' ■ i ;^ i-- - • - >■■ - ■■< ^ i' ■ ii- 



gradually to the base, the lower into slender petioles: jV i i - ,,t 



flower-heads nearly as large as in E. purpurea, but I'^'in' ' ' ' , ,,, ' ' i i 



sometimes much smaller. Prairies and barrens, Saskat- gi-nimtai a- I'.i. -.,■ -.■.■. \- ,,\ .. i, r i-i.ini -. j.tMi ni, d 

 chewan and Neb. to Tex., east to 111., Tenn. and Ala. V'^i' '''i^"'? b.-.-n allmvial t.j rip.-n i.n.iiorly lir-lm-c gtitlier- 

 B.M. 5281. G.W.P. 2r>.-This species has several forms, ^^^ and carefully dried afterward.s. From the experi- 

 which approach and run into E. purpurea, l H B ence of the writer, who has raised some hundreds of 



^- "• "• seedling Cacti and sown them every month in the year, 



he has found the months of May and June to be by far 

 the most favorable for germination. Seeds of Echino- 

 cactus will then germinate in five or six days, while 

 rturins the wintor months it takes almost as many weeks. 

 I'l.i.titin ■ v.-ill L-c-niiiiiati- in even less than s'ix days. 



'!'■ - '■ ' • ! r lily of all the Cactaceae, and 



II I I - while Mammillarias are the 



: ^i"W the slowest afterwards. 



I'll' .1 . . Im ~.,;v[i in well-drained 4-inch pots 



in a liti. ly -iin ,1 mixture of one part leaf-mold, one 



part Inaiii anil imi- ]tart charcoal dust and silver sand. 



Tlic- surf: slhini.i be made very smooth, and the seeds 



pri'ssicl li-htly into the soil with the bottom of a flower- 

 pot and then covered with about three-eighths of an inch 

 of fine silver sand. This allows the seedlings to push 

 through readily and prevents the soil from crusting on 

 the surface of the pots, as they usually have to stay in 

 their seedlinfT rnt< at loa-st nnn year. T'a- iift- ■,)■ ,,,1(1 

 be placed in ;i •.-r.-riili..ns,. wh.-rc tln-y v- ■ r :, 'ax- 

 of light but ii"! llir.lir.rl s!||,|i-lit. loi , . ( li 



are natives ,.l' cl,-s,rt r.-inns. the wm- i I - i. . : in 



ECHINOCACTXIS (Greek, sp 



lureeK, spine and cactus). Cac- 

 Kirge genus of globular, strongly ribbed, 

 iny forms. Sometimes they become very 



scales wliich are naked or woolly in the uxils, and the 

 fruit is either succulent or dry. The genus is well 

 developed within the United States, about forty species 

 having been recognized, but its extreme northern limit 

 is the southern borders of Colorado, Utah, and Nevada, 

 apparently having spread from the great arid plateau 

 regions of Mexico proper and Lower California. The 

 genus extends tlirougbout Mexico and Central America, 

 and is w.ll r. pn s, nnal in the drier regions of South 

 America. Tla l. n. la Astrophytum and Lophophora 

 are her*- iaihal. .1, all liMii;;h they seem to be very differ- 

 ent from I 111. U|.i.,,l i.,rmsof Echinocactus. It is im- 



ific 



in some- '■ . , ; u i i hai a n; .iriiiiiKiUy applied 



toonr.f.... ..... ,! . I I., a li.r. The following 



synopsis t ; i! r. , ill I he. -king up the 



properap] I i .. i. . i. tii..|\- i Inis leave some 



of the r..i |...ri. - .,i 111., iia.l.. iMiaia-aunted for. 



No attempt is made to f;fonp the species according to 

 relationships, but a more easily handled artificial ar- 

 rangement, based chiefly upon spine characters, is used. 

 It must be remembered that the species are exceedingly 

 variable, espeeially nmler cultivation, and large allow- 

 ance must he made f. ir the characters given in the key 

 and in tie- s| iih- desei-iptions. 



Echiiii<r,i,liix r.is< 1./, riiiiius, A. Dietr., proves to be 

 Mammillitriii Hchctrii. The following horticultural 

 names have not been identified: E.chrysanthus {chri/s- 

 acanthus f), Drcegeanus trifurcatus. 



John M. Coulter. 



When startiTi=: with newly cnlloetprl plants of Echino- 

 cactus the mutilate, I r,„.ts sleiuhi ]„■ well ,.|,t leiek to 



plants are pro, aire,] in eari\ sumimr. tli,- l.ist way to 



at 1, a-i, ill, s, ,.,iii,i^-s should be kept in a temperature 

 of not 1, -s than 1,11' and carefuUv looked over every day 



to as.iitain ih, ndition of the soil, for, althmif,'h they 



should he kept on the dry side, they mu-i tn • , i i > al- 

 lowed to become quite dry during th, . . i .. i . , . 

 When about a year old they may h, i . . r i" 



shallow pans not more than 6 inches in a i i, ami 



prepared with the same mixture as f.i ■,,,iiiii- pots. 

 These pans will be found hett, r than -mall |.ots, be- 

 cause the soil may be kept moi, ,\, nly moist and the 

 seedlings do better in conseipi, n, , . 



When grown from 2 to 3 inclies in diameter, seedling 

 Echinocactus may be transferred to pots, using sizes 

 only just large enough to accommodate them, as they 

 make but few roots. Pot them in a mixture of two 

 parts fibrous loam, one part leaf-moid and one part 

 pounded brick and silver sand. During the spring and 

 summer months, established plants may be given a lib- 

 eral supply of water, but must be studiously watered 

 during the fall and winter months. During the winter 

 they should be given a light position in a dry green- 

 house, with a night temperature of 45° to 50°, and a 

 rise of 10° by day. For the summer, they may be either 

 kept in an airy greenhouse or placed in some conve- 

 nient position outside, plunging the pots in the soil or 



