514 ECHINOCACTUS 



.t upper and .1 lower purplisli brown and straightish (the 

 lower ones sometimes more or less hooked), four-fifths 

 to I in. long, the 2-6 laterals more slender, longer (1 to 

 one and two-flfths in.), often flattened, puberulent and 

 whitish, sometimes fle.\uous or hooked; central. spines 

 4, puberulent, yellowish (or purplish variegated), the 3 

 upper ones slender, flattened or subangled, erect and 

 generally straight (rarely hooked), one and three-fifths 

 to 2 in. Inn?, the lowest one much stouter, flattened or 

 even I'liniiu-l..!, -trMw-color, fle.tuous, more or less 

 hook'-.i . ,,,,,, I ir..ii;ht), 2-4 in. long: flowers yel- 

 low, "J ■ 1 ,:is. Arizona, and northern Mexico. 

 7. uiiciu itiio, ' ' I ;i;uicescent, globose to oblong: 

 ribs i:;, ., ■ ,'- t< ulutc-interrupted: radial spines 

 Tor s, I _' 111. Inn--, 111.' ii|i|,cr 4 (.r 5 straw-color, straight, 

 il:iii.ii.-.i, 111.' I..\Mi- :; |.iir|.li-h. tiTete and hooked; cen- 



«|ii'.\: Uuwers brownish purple. Northern Mexico. 



8. Whipplei, Engelm. Globose-ovate, 3-5 in. high, 

 2-4 in. in diam.: ribs 13-15 (often oblique), compressed 

 and tubon-ulately interrupted: radi.tl spines usually 7, 

 <-(iiii|in^...-.l, ^ti:iiL;lit or slightly recurved, }4 to three- 

 liftlis ill. |.,ii^-. |.,u, 1- ..nes shorter than the others, all 

 wliitr 1 \. . |.i nil.' 111. two darker lowest laterals; central 

 spiiii^ 4. unl.ly .1 u ir:,'int. the uppermost one flattened, 

 stniifilit ami whitii, 1 to one and three-fifths in. long, 

 turned upward in the plane of the radials (completing 

 the circle of radials), the others a little shorter, quad- 

 rangular-compressed, dark brown or black, becoming 

 reddish and finally ashy, the 2 laterals straight, the 

 lowest one stouter and sharply hooked downward: 

 flower greenish red. Northern Arizona. 

 BBB. Central spines 5 to S. 



0. cornigerus, UC. Cloho-^e or depressed - crlobose, 

 10-16 in. in dlMiii ni. ,ii...iii Jl . vn-y anito iin.l wavy 

 (not tubercuiiii. I ■' m, .i.: r.i.lial .^|.iii.^ (1-10, 

 ■white and com|., 11 . 1. i . ..r wantinL': .-ontrals 



red and very i iir..--..!, wiih long, 



sharp, horny ti|. , I ': i|, . ..i ■ i .. i.ling, 1-1.'.^ in. 

 long, the lower _' ; 'lie central one 



longer, more riLi ' i : ■ .ml (one-fifth to 



one-third in.) an. 1 i i,.i .;.. . ll^^ ,.i .i ; ilowers purple, 



1-lX in. long. Me.Mtu ami Ceiilrai America. 



10. polyanolBtrus, Engelm. & Bigel. Ovate or at 

 length subcylindric, becoming 4-10 in. high and 3-4 in. 

 in diam.: ribs 13-17, obtuse, tuberculately interrupted; 

 radial spines 20 or more, compressed and white, the up- 

 permost wanting, the 4 upper ones broader and longer 

 (1-2 in.) and dusky-tipped, the laterals shorter (four- 

 fifths to one in.), the lowest very short (J^ in.) and sub- 

 setaceous; central spines of several forms, the upper- 

 most one (rarely a second similar but smaller one above 

 or beside it) compressed-quadrangular, elongated (3-5 

 in.), white with dusky tip, curved upward, the other 

 ■■S-IO teretish or subangled, bright purple-brown; upper 

 ones long (2-4 in.) and mostly straight, the others gradu- 

 ally shortening (to about 1 in.) downward and sharply 

 hooked: flowers red or yellow, 2 to two and two-flfths 

 in. long and wide. Nevada and southeastern.California. 



AA. Spines not hooked. 

 B. Central spines none or indistinct. 



11. Monvillii, Lem. Stout, globose and bright green: 

 ribs 13-17, tuberculate, broadest toward the base, undu- 

 late; tubercles somewhat hexagonal, strongly dilated 

 below: radial spines 9-12, the lower ones somewhat 

 longer, very stout, spreading, yellowish translucent, 

 reddish at base; central wanting: flowers varying from 

 white to yellow and red. Paraguay. 



12. Ffelfferi, Zuce. Oblong-globose, becoming 1-2 ft. 

 high and 1 ft. in diam.: ribs 11-13, compressed and 

 somewhat acute: spines G, about equal, rigid, straight, 

 divergent or erect, pale transparent yellow with a 

 lirowiii-h base; very rarely a solitary central spine. 



i:s. copton6gonuB, Lem.. var. mijor, S.ilm-nyck. De- 

 pri'sscii, from a large imiurated naked napiform base, 

 2-4 in. a.r..-s til,. to|.: ril.s Hi-].-,, a.ut.- from abroad base. 



ECHINOCACTUS 



gray: upper spine stoutest, erect and straight, or 

 slightly curved upward, flattened and keeled, and oeca-- 

 sionally twisted, VA-'iM in. long; the two laterals erect- 

 divergent, straight or slightly curved, terete above and 

 somewhat qua<lrangular below. 1-1 J.^ in. long; all from 

 an abruptly enlarged base: flowers not seen, but said 

 to be .small and white, with purplish median lines. 

 Mexico. 



14. nmlticostitUB, Hildmann. Dopressed-glnbnse: rilis 

 very numerous, i)0 to 120, eompn.-^. .1 int., tliin j.ln. < 



which run vertically or are t\vi-t..l n !■. ..n: 



spines exceedingly variable, in ..ni. . n- 



tirely, in others 3 or 4, short, n^-nl, ;iii I :,:. ,. .1 



low; in others more numerous, largur, .iii'l ..1 1, n il.LMi..|i; 

 in still other cases very long and flat, interlacing all over 

 the plant; no centrals: flower white, with a broad pur- 

 ple stripe. 



15. capTic6nu8, A. Dietr. GIobo.se: ribs about 11, 

 broad, spotted all over with white dots : clusters of 

 spines distant, usually seen only near the apex; spines 

 5-10, long and flexuous; centrals not distinct: flowers 

 large, yellow. Mexico. 



16. Eincon^nsis, Pos, ];:. Cylindrical, covered with 

 ivory white s|.im s « In. Ii ai.- ii|.|.. .1 with crimson; spines 

 3, with noeeniraU: il..«.r laiL'. . i.iu-ple-crimson, darker 

 at base. Nortlieru .'Mi xno. 



17. phyllac4nthus. Mart. Prom globose to cylindrical, 

 Willi ilopre^s, .1 V. Ill \. simple or proliferous, two and 

 one-tliir.l to ihne and tliree-fifths in. broad: ribs 40-55 

 (sometimes as fiw as :i(l|, very much crowded and com- 

 pressed, thin, .leute, very wavy, continuous or somewhat 

 interrupted: radial spines 5 (sometimes 6 or 71, straight 

 and spreading, the 2 lowest ones white, rigid, one si.xih 

 to one-fourth in. long, half as long as the 2 darker, 

 angled, larger laterals, the uppermost spine thin and 

 broad, channeled above, faintly annulate, flexible, gray- 

 ish pink, three-fifths to 1 in. long; central spines none: 

 flowers small, dirty white. Mexico. 



BB. Central spine solitary {sometimes 2^ in E. cris- 

 patits, helopJiorus, and setispinns, or wanlinij in 

 lophothele). 



c. Ribs less than IS. 



18. leucacinthuB, Zucc. Somewhat clavate-cylindrical, 

 pale: ribs 8-10, thick, obtuse, strongly tuberculate, the 

 areolffi with strong wool : radial spines 7 or 8, similar, 

 straight, finely pubescent, at first yellowish, at length 

 white; central s(iine solitary, more or less erect, rarely 

 wanting: flowers light yellow. Mexico. 



19. ornitus, Dr. i /■'. .VirMlli, Lem.). Subglobose: 

 ribs 8, broad, eomiinssed, vertical, thickly covered with 

 close-set white woolly .spots, making the whole plant 

 almost white: radial spines 7, straight, stout, yellowish 

 or becoming gray ; central spine solitary. Mex'ico. 



20. Ingens, Zucc. {E. Visnctr/a, Mook.). Very largo 

 (sometimes as nmeh as 10 ft. high and as much in cir- 

 camr. r. 11.11. LiL.lioseor oblong, purplish toward the top: 

 ril.- s. ..i.iu-. . iiilierculate: areolee large, distant, with 

 Very ...|.i..ii~ Mllowish wool: radial spines 8 or more; 

 ei-ntral spinr solitary; all the spines shaded yellow and 

 red or brownish, straight, rigid, and interwoven: flow- 

 ers bright yellow, about 3 in. broad. Mexico. 



21. horizonthaldniuB, Lem. Glaucous, depressed-glo- 

 bose or at length ovate or even cylindrie with age, 2-8 

 in. Iiiijli. -' ; in. in diam.: ribs 8-10 (fewer in very 



y.i 11. often spirally arranged, the tubercles 



SI I ly inconspicuous transverse grooves: 



s|Hn. 1. 1. 1. lit mpressed, reddish (at length ashy), 



reeurM-d or sonu-times almost straight, nearly equal, 

 four-fifths to 1>2 in. long (sometimes long and slender 

 and almost terete, sometimes short, stout and broad): 

 radials .5-8, upper ones weaker, lowest wanting; a single 

 stouter deeurved central (sometimes wanting): flowers 

 pale rose-purple, 23-^ in. long ormore. New Mexico and 

 northern Mexico. 



cc. liibs 13-S7. 



22. electracinthus, Lem. Globose or thick cylindrical, 

 becoming 2 ft. high and 1 ft. in diam.: ribs "about 15: 

 radial spines about 8, equal, rigid, spreading, yellowish, 

 about 1 in. long; the central one solitary, red at base: 

 flowers clear yellow. Mexico. 



