ECHINOPSIS 



gemmita, K. Sch. (-B. turbinAta, Zucc). Fig. 749. 

 Stem simple or sometimes branching, at first low 

 spherical or short columnar, later more top-shaped, 

 reaching 1 ft. in height by 4-6 in. in diam., dark green: 

 ribs 13-14, rarely more, straight or sometimes slightly 

 spiral with sharp or obtuse margins, which are but lit- 

 tle or not at all undulate; central spines appear first, 

 about 3-6 in number, very short, stiff, black ; later the 

 radials appear, about 10-14, longer, horizontally spread- 

 ing, at first yellowish bromi, later horn-colored : fls. 

 lateral or from the upper areolae, 9-10 in. long, clear 

 white, with a pale greenish midline in the petals. S. 

 Braz. 



tubiUdra, Zucc. (A'. DiivdUi. Hort. S. Zuecnriiiii, 

 Pfeitf.). Stems spherical to ellipsoidal, at first simple 

 but later more .n- Iis^ l.iaiirhing, reaching 10 in. in 

 height by 8 in. in ilinin., ,tark green: ribs 11-12, 

 straight, with iiiarL-m- iiM<.ii-]ii.-uously undulate: radial 

 spines numerous, ^'iim tjin. ^ a.s many as 20, unequal, 

 horizontally or ubliquuly .spreading, yellowish white 

 with brown tips, sometimes darker ; centrals 3—1, the 

 lowest the longe.st, reaching %in., later dt-Hexed: Hs. 

 lateral, about 14 in. long, white with pale green midline 

 in the petals. S. Braz. and Uruguay. B.M. 3r]27. 



Echinopsis Mullen is a horticultural name only. 



C. H. Thompson. 



ECHINOSTACHYS {sph,,/ head, from the Greek). A 

 bromeliaceous genus, now referred by Mez to .Echmea, 

 which see. Three species have been offered in the 

 Amer. trade: E. Hystrix, Wittm., for which see p. 28. 

 E. FinellEina, Wittm., which is yE. Pineli()iiii, Baker: 

 2-3 ft.: peduncle and bracts brilliant red: Ivs. banded, 

 spine-edged: spike dense. 2 in. long, spiny: petals 

 yellow, the tips fringed and incurved. Brazil. B.M. 5321. 

 E. Van Houtteana, Van Houtte, is ^S. ran Eoutteina, 

 Mez (Qiies)ielia ITin Soutteaua, Morr.). Lvs. many, 

 strong spined, sometimes white-banded beneath : fls. 

 white, blue-tipped, in a crowded spike: 1-2 ft. Brazil. 

 L. H. B. 



ECHlTES (Greek, viper; possibly from its poisonous 

 milky juice or from its twining hal»it ) . Apocijutleetv. A 

 large genus of tropical American twiners related to 

 Dipladenia. and of similar culture. Differs technically 

 from Dipladenia in the 5-lobed disk and the glandular 

 or 5-soaled calyx. 



Andrewsii, Cliapraan (E. subericta, And.). Lvs. \%-2 

 in. l.in^'. .Icjsr tnir.-ther, oval or oblong, mucronate, acute 

 or rounded at tin- liase. margins revolute: peduncles 

 axillary. S-J-tl.l., •~\w\>-v than the lvs.: tl>. yellow; 

 corolla tube 1 in. I'iiil'. '_.in. wiil'. imn-Ii <lil.it<-'i ala've 

 the insertion of th.- -taiii.n^, li.ll-~lia|..M. -rar.a-lv l..iif;,r 

 than the lobes; aiitlu-r.s taiitrin-- int" ;i Ion;;-, lui^tlc-like 

 awn: glands of the neutary :., roumleil. a.s lung as the 

 ovaries. Sandy shores, S. Fla. W. Indies. 



palnddsa, Vahl. Lvs. oblong, oval-oblong, or lanceo- 

 late-oblong, rounded toward the mucronate top: calyx 

 segments glandular, devoid of an interior scale, oblong, 

 mucronate-blunt, spreading; corolla tube funnel-shaped 

 above a cylindrical base ; anthers oblong-lanceolate, 

 acuminate, rounded-cordate at the base, hirsute on the 

 back above. 



UTnbeliata, Jacq. Lvs. ovate or ovate-roundish, mucro- 

 nate: fls. greenish white; calyx segments glandular, 

 devoid of an interior scale; corolla tube cylindrical, en- 

 larged below the middle, tapering again above; anthers 

 rigid, tapering from a hastate base, glabrous. W. Indies. 

 W. JI. 



ECHIUM (Greek, meaning unknown) . Borraqhidrea. 

 Viper's Buuloss. Coarse herbs and shrubs, with spikes 

 of blue, violet, red or white flowers. Their nearest ally 

 of garden value is Cerinthe. but they are very distinct 

 in general appearance. E. fastiioxtim, for instance, has 

 dark blue, 5-lobed flowers about half an inch across, in 

 spikes 6 inches long and 2 inrb.s wiil. . jierhaps as manv 

 as 200 fls. in a spike, (inat ina-M s.if stamens are thrust 

 out and add to the intiT.st, an.l tli.> vuung flower-buds 

 look like pink 5-pointed stars, rhr,-,- kinds are cult, out- 



green (vs.. .s.i, .,•,., I xvni, -■■<- ■. ■ ,, ■■, ,,i a 



says, Eohiuius ar.- i.|„inri,i,> -..,i..i .-i mi,, ila.s-.aiid 

 need good drainage. E. mlyu/L i.s a c-iuiuuii weed in 

 the East. 



A. Fls. dark blue. 



c4ndicans, Linn, f (E. fasfiilixum, .Jacq. f., not Ait.). 

 Forms a Imsli :; ft. hi-h. but tlnwers at 3 ft., and its 

 foliage is ^-i-r.'H wh.ii frrsli, li.iary wliiti- when dry. 

 Branches tlu^k. Icily i.iwanl th.' tips: Us. lanceolate, 

 the ujiprr unrs si.iallir. rn.wded and iiarrowfr: panicles 

 much looser tliau tin- spikes of i'. ftistuosiim: fls. ses- 

 sile, pale blue, the buds reddish purple. Madeira. B.M. 

 6868. B.R. 1:44.-The fls. are sometimes said to be 

 streaked with white or all white. 



AA. Fls. pale blue. 



fastudsum, Ait., not Jacq. This has darker blue fls. 

 in a dense spike and perhaps less hoary foliage than E. 

 caiidicaiis. This was Hooker's conception in 1886 of the 

 relation of the two species, but De CandoUe formerly held 

 the opposite opinion. Canaries. R.H. 1876:10. Gn. 10:50. 



AAA. Fls. white. 

 simplex, DC. Woody but biennial and not branched: 

 lvs. ample, oval-lanceolate: panicle very long, cylindri- 

 cal, spike-like, the spikelets 2-fld., pedicelled: stigmas 

 simple. -nr. jj. 



EDELWEISS. See Leontopodium . 



EDGE'WdETHIA (after M. P. Edgeworth, English 

 botanist in E. Indies, and his sister Maria). Deciduous 

 sliruli. with sti.ut branches: lvs. alternate, entire, short- 

 l'<-Tii>l,-il.rr"\\'i«Ml at the end of the branches : fls. in dense, 

 p.Mluiii'lu.l In ads, axillary, on branches of the previous 

 vi'ar. witii iir lie tore the lvs., apetalous; perianth tubular. 

 i-lulied. densely pubescent outside; stamens 8, in 2 rows; 

 stigma elongated: fr. a dry drupe. One species from 

 Hinial. to Japan, the bark of which is used for paper- 

 making. Ornamental shrub, with handsome foliage and 

 yellow, fragrant fls. Hardy only South, thriving in any 

 good, well-drained garden soil; if grown in pots a sandy 

 compost of peat and loam, with sufficient drainage given, 

 will suit them. Prop, by greenwood cuttings in spring 

 under glass; also by seeds, obtained from dealers in 

 Japanese plants. 



Gdrdneri, Meissn. {E. papyrlfera , Zucc. F. chry- 

 sdntha, Liudl.). Lvs. elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, ap- 

 pressed pubescent when young, glabrous above at length , 

 3-8 in. long: fls. about 1 in. long, densely clothed with 

 yellowish silky hairs outside, in dense heads about 2 in. 

 in diam. B.M. 7180. B.R. 33:48. F.S. 3:289. -Cannot 

 withstand the long, dry summers .South. 



Alfred Rehder. 



EDEAIANTHTTS. See WaMenbergia. 



EDWAEDSIA. The leguminous genus of this name 

 is now included in Sophora. 



EEL-GEASS. ValUsneria spiralis. 



EGGPLANT (SnlAnuni Melongena. Linn.). SolanA- 

 Cf'. (!iiNF.-\ S.,.i ASH. .VuBERGiNE of the French. This 

 l.laiil is a iiaii\r "f tli. trnpics, probably from the East 

 liali. s. i„it its iiativr land is not known. It is cultivated 

 t.> a f.'rtat. r ..r I.s, , m. ut throughout the entire tropical 



