530 ENCEPHALAKTOS 



ing an article from William Watson, of Kew, whose re- 

 marks are here condensed. These plants are speciallj' 

 suited for large conservatories, the fronds being nut 

 easily injured. They should succeed outdoors South. 

 borne of the Kew specininns niii^t: In- nearly a century 

 old. The trunks of soim- km. I- -ni-.v Miily a few inches 

 in many years. The spi .im. n )llti,t r.itid had a stem 5 

 ft. in circumference, ii.;,rl\ :; ii. l,i.-li, and crowned by 

 107 leaves, each 3 ft. l"n-, ;,n.l riyi'l. A whorl of new 

 leaves is produced each year, the latest one having 3-1 

 full sized leaves. The whole head was about 7K feet in 

 diameter. Most kinds prefer a sunny, tropical house, 

 but E. brachyphyllus and iiirhaps ethers may be grown 

 in a cool greenhouse if I. i ^ :< lini. .!iy in winter. The 

 cones are always inter'- ' ' : n M-ry decorative. 



Those of £. rillosus ar. as a pineapple, 



orange-yellow, half-ri-vciimL' im ~r ^i. t fruits. 



Cycads are propagati-.l I.) .-.t-.-ila, al^.o by offsets or 

 suckers. They are slow-growing, except in very warm 

 houses. They like a strong, loamy soil. While making 

 new growth they need plenty of water. See Cycas. The 

 woollinessof the stem and leaf -segments varies with the 

 age of the plants and of the leaves. 



The pith and central portion of the cones of some 

 species form an article of food among the Kaffirs, hence 

 the common name of KafBr Bread. The most widely 

 known species in cultivation are E. vlUosus, E. Alien- 

 steinii and E. pungens. Though very handsome Cycads, 

 they are by no means popular. 



Some other Cycads frequently produce seed in con- 

 servatories, but Encephalartos seldom does, and plants 

 are, therefore, usually imported. Dry trunks, weighing 

 frequently from 50-75 pounds, have been received from 

 South Africa. They often remain dormant for a year or 

 more, and do not make ornamental specimens for two or 

 more years. 



In the following descriptions "rachis" refers to the 

 midrib of the leaf on which the leaflets or segments are 

 borne, and "petiole" means the portion of the leaf be- 

 low where the leaflets begin. 



A. Leaflets toothed {sometimes entire in No. 1). 



B. Petiole 4-angled : foliage glaucous, i. e., covered with 



plum-like "bloom." 



1. WrridUB, Lehm. Trunk woolly or not: leaflets op- 

 posite or alternate, lanceolate, mostly entire, sometimes 

 toothed. Var. glaiioa is presumably more glaucous than 

 the type. B.M. 5371. 



BB. Petiole sub-cylindrical : foliage not glaucous. 

 c. Leaves dark green : trunk no f woolly. 



2. Altensteinii, Lehm. Leaflets mostly opposite, lan- 

 ceolate. B.M. 7162-3. G.C. II. 6:392, 393, 397; III. 

 2:281; 12:489-93. 



Cf. Leaves light green: trunk woolly. 



3. villdsus, Lehm. Leaflets opposite or alternate, 

 linear-lanceolate. B.M. 6654. K.H. 1897:36. O.C. II. 

 1:.',13; 3:400; 7:21; 13:181. 



and 9, and also i 



B. foliage glaucous. 



4. L6hmanni, Lehm.(Ci?ca.'!£^7i»«onKi,Hort. |. Trunk 

 not woolly : rachis and petiole obtusely 4-angled ; leaf- 

 lets nearly opposite, narrowly or broadly lanceolate, 

 rarely 1-toothed. Gt. 1805:477. 



BB. Foliage not glaucous, 

 c. Apejr of leaflets mostly obtuse, pointless. 



5. longiSdlius, Lehm. Trunk not woolly, at length 



tall: 



chis 



lowest leaflets oftfii 1-:; > '■■ i m, ,!■-., , - ....],:.< r.v,,- 



lute: wool soon vaiii^liiii ■••i' i i. ; . ■ n: !• :iili ts. 

 Var. revoiatus, Jliq,. Ii ■ ' itnrtly 



revolute. Var. angustifolius li:f- n:iii-"'/. .r, ilni l.aili-ts. 

 Var. Hodkeri, DC, has narn.wly lanceolate learicts, not 

 glaucous but intense green, and rachis not woolly. B.M. 

 4903, erroneously named E. Caffer, is referred to this 

 place by a recent specialist, though the leaflets are dis- 

 tinctly pointed in the picture. 



cc. Apex of leaflets always strong-pointed. 



i>. Form of leaflets linear. 



E. Margin of leaflets revolute. 



4:209. 



7. piingene, Lehm. {Z,-iii,i„ i.uu.j. ,^s. Ait. I. Rachis 

 and petiole glabrous: Icall.t- |.iiii..-liii, ;,r. .lark green, 

 rigid, fiat, striated beneath. \:a-. glauca is also sold. 



Dii. Form of leaflets huiceulate. 

 E. liachis glabrous. 



8. Cifier, .Miq. {E. Cdffra, Hort.). Petiole 3-angled: 

 leaflets alternate, narrower at the base, twisted, the 

 younger ones with 1 or 2 teeth. R.H. 1869, p. 233. Not 

 B.M. 4903, which is E. longifolius, var. Bookeri. 



EE. Jiachis spidery -pubescent. 



9. C4fier, var. brachyphJllUB, DC. {E. brachyphyllus, 

 Lehm.). liachis and blades of the lower leaflets spidery- 

 pubescent : male cones sessile instead of peduncled. 

 The pinnfe are erect, and longer anil narrower than in 



E. Caffer. 



M.,P. J. Bekckma 



; and W. II. Taplin. 



ENCHOLlEIUM. Consult nilandsla. 



ENDIVE {Cichdrium Endlvia). Comp6sit,r. See 

 Cichorium. During summer and fall, well-blanched 

 heads of Endive may be found in all our large city 

 markets, and are appreciated to some extent, especially 

 among the foreign part of our population. We seldom 

 see Endive in American home gardens, or in small 

 local markets. In the absence of lettuce during the lat- 

 ter part of the season, Endive serves as an acceptable 



salad, and is well worthy of greater attention than it re- 

 ceives, especially as it is of easy culture. Select any 

 ordinary good garden soil. Sow seed thinly in drills, 

 \\\n< li ni I d li'M t" m»\f than a foot apart, but thin the 



])I nils jiiuiiiiiil\ Im ilti iiT the same distance in the rows, 

 ami Ivi ■ I' ti'i ti.'iri \\. . .Is, and also well cultivated and 

 li.i.il WiMiitli. ] 1 nit ~ Irivc attained nearly their full 



..r mail Ml I , - i~ iii - .11. i tins st ..,-,■ of 



development. Tlic blanidiing may also be done by 

 slipping a large-sized but short tile or piece of tile over 

 each plant, after the leaves are gathered up and held 

 closely together. 

 The varietal differences are slight, and consist mostly 



