EXHIBITIONS 



the single-flower ideal in florists' plants, are very rich in 

 displays of speoimtu plants of other kinds. 



Erery Exhiliitiuu sli.aild make its motive or animus 

 clear. The visit.. r sl]..ul.l know whether it is the pur- 

 pose to sbi.w ri..rist>' i.U-als, amateurs' ideals, or both. 

 The best Exhibition of any subject is that which shows 

 all its possiliilities and merits. The tendency is for the 

 amateur's ideals not to be seen at the shows. There are 

 fewer prizes for these ideals, and the amateur leaves his 

 choicest things at home. Yet the amateur is the con- 

 servator of meritorious plants. He holds interesting and 

 artistic varieties and species decade after decade, and pre- 

 vents their loss. It is the amateur who has kept the old 

 Laciniatum chrysanthemum against the changing moods 

 of the trade. Consider that the greater number of species 

 described in this Cyclopedia are known only to the ama- 

 teur. Our horticulture would be poor indeed if only 

 commercial ideals should prevail. 



A leading value of an Exhibition is to maintain a so- 

 ciety. The annual or peri..'i il -b... k. .-ps alive in- 

 terest in the society, and tip ' - Hn- society to 

 extend its beneficent work, i --: i: ilaysmadeby 

 the American Poraological .S." i. i > . i i'- > . nty of Ameri- 

 can Florists, the American Cm ii.iii..u .s... ,,tv, and other 



EXPERIMENT STATIONS 



569 



Exhibi 



improvement soc 

 fall. Invite the 

 specialties at the 

 one plant or gro 

 show; and this p 



I I • . make some 



iture of each 

 ;: I b- -b.i VII in all its various 

 forms. Endeavor to interest pei.ple in plants them- 

 selves, even though they may not show the formal 

 ideals of the plant-breeder. Good subjects for these 

 central features are the different fruits and vegetables, 

 roses, carnations, chrysanthemums, dahlias, gladioli, 

 spring bulbs, aquatics, bog plants, alpine plants, cacti, 

 orchids, poppies, sweet peas, violets, ferns, peonies, or- 

 namental autumn fruits, wild flowers, bloom of hardy 

 shrubs, foliage or bloom of forest trees, and vines. 



Aside from these technical uses of the Exhibition in 

 illustrating the progress of plant-breeding, the show 

 also may be made a powerful means of extending and 

 deepening the love of nature. In this guise it will 

 appeal tu ,-,. ry i. i i , not to horticulturists only. In 



every sol b n once or twice a year should 



be made :.i iture-study instruction. Such 



an Exhibiri :, -ii-m ! ii.r stop with plants, but include 

 all natural ..bj.ris. It sbould not be a technical horti- 

 cultural Exhibit ; and therefore, its further discussion 

 is not germane to this work. L_ jj, b_ 



EX0CH6BDA (fromf.ro, external, and clwnle, a cord 

 or thong; suggested Ijy the free placentary cords sup- 

 posed to be external to the carpels). Bosctcew. Hardy 

 shrubs or small trees, remarkable for the structure of 

 the fr., which is composed of 5 small, bony carpels, ad- 

 hering around the central axis in a star-like manner. 

 Allied to Spiraea. Prop, by seeds, cuttings and layers. 

 Seeds are produced only on old plants; cuttings root 

 slowly and with difliculty; layering is best. .Seed propa- 

 gation is advisable when seeds can be obtained. 



grandifldra, Lindl. Peael Bush. Pig. 802. Well 

 known garden shnib, not often over 6-8 ft., but some- 

 times 15 ft. : Ivs. petiolate, lanceolate-oblong, whitish 

 below, very strong toothed on strong shoots, but almost 

 entire upon the older parts, stipuled: fls. appear with 

 Ivs. in long, terminal racemes of 5 or tj fls., pure white; 

 calyx deeply 5-cleft; petals 5, narrow, roundish and 

 clawed; stamens 10-1.5, short: fr. of 5 bony, 2-valved car- 

 pels joined to a common axis, each with 1 large, flat- 

 winged seed. Apr., May. Central China. P. S. 9:95i. 

 Gt. 47:1455. R. H. 189G, pp. 324, 325. J. H. III. 34:483. 

 B.M.4795. A.F.6:343. Gng.5:97. G.C. II. 1G:73; III. 

 7:613.— Open habit and with thin, uninteresting foli- 

 age. Individual fls. of no value. Useful only in bloom, 

 when it is a dazzling white, the most brilliant shrub of 

 Its season. Can be kept in shape bv pruning, but better 

 back of or massed with other shrubs. Thrives in any 

 good soil. 



Albert!, Regel. Of greater vigor, darker foliage, 



covered with spikes of pure white fls., 8-10 on a spike. 

 Becomes G ft. Turkestan. For its garden value, see 

 Gng. for Oct. 1, 1899. x. Phelps Wyman. 



EXOBBHtZA (exo, out, outside, rhiza, root; alluding 

 to the large aerial roots above the ground). Pahncicem. 

 High - growing palm, with 

 straight, smooth stem, sup 

 ported at the base by larsre 

 aerial, spinj roots Ivs large, 

 pinnate. Allied to 

 Kentia, but distin 

 guished by the im 

 bricate sepals of the 

 sterile fls., the elon 

 gated, subulate fila 

 ments of the stamens, 

 by the roundish ovate 

 sepals of the pistil 

 late fls. and bj the 

 parietal ovule In 

 Kentia the ovule is 

 basal and erect 



Wendlandiina, Becc {Khitia 

 exorrhUa, W endl ) Often more 

 than GO ft. high Ivs 10-12 ft 

 long: pinnfB alternately arranged, 

 1-2 in. from each other, becoming 

 4 ft. long and 2 in. broad, 3-nerved : 

 spadix appearing below the Ivs., 

 enveloped in thick, 

 boat-shaped spathes. Fiji Islands. 



EXPERIMENT STATIONS 



exist in all the states and 

 tories of the United Stales, and 

 in the Canadian provinces, main- 

 tained by the general govern- 

 ments. These constitute the most 

 extensive series of agricultural 

 research stations in the world. 

 In Alabama, Connecticut, New 

 Jersey and New York there is also 

 a station maintained in whole or 

 in part by state funds. The total 

 number of regular stations in the 

 United States, to the close of the 

 fiscal year, June 30, 1898, was 54. 

 The total income of these stations 

 was $1,210,921.17. In the work of 802. Exochorda Brandiflora. 

 administration and inquiry, these (X%.) 



stations that year employed 669 



persons, of whom 77 were horticulturists. In that year, 

 these stations published 40G reports and bulletins. The 

 mailing lists aggregated half a million names. Sum- 

 maries of all these publications are published by th'e 

 Ofiice of Experiment Stations. Department of Agricul- 

 ture, Washington, in the monthly "Experiment Station 

 Record." 



In the Dominion of Canada there are five Experimen- 

 tal Farms. One of these is known as the Central Experi- 

 mental Fai-m, and is lu.-at.-d near fb.- ca].ital. Ottawa, 

 and serves the purpo.s,.-s ..f tin- two larLO- |.r..viiic.-s ..f 

 Ontario and Quebec. Tb- .-tb. i- I'l.ur are braia-b E\i..n- 

 mental Farms, sites fur wbi.'li liax -■ I n -^rj.i.-t.'d iu dif- 

 ferent parts of thecouutry. ti^ lb" - : ' "... it Nappan, 

 Nova Scotia, which serves i- i ' . - i,, maritime 

 provinces; a second at Brandon. ■!' i , nb serves 



the purposes of that large [.la : r . : a third 



at Indian Hea.l, N. W. T., " .: tbe pur- 



poses of the i.i"'. i-Miial .h.-!:i-. 1. ill- North- 



west Territori. , i , ; n,] ,,. ,i,h jg at 



Agassiz, in till • . I. -: . ' i ,. ; . i' b-ri ' < ., . moia, and 

 meets the ni/if\ ..f t|,,. (a-:.,- i'li;- ir' am i-r. i\ iiK^e. The 

 grant made for tlie maiuteiuince of the Ave Experimen- 

 tal Farms has been $7o,00o per annum until 1899, when 

 this was increased to $80,000. At the Central Farm 

 there are six officers engaged in research, and two at 

 each of the branch farms, excepting at Agassiz, B. C. , 

 where there is only one. Tlie ptiblications relating to 

 the work at all the Experimental Farms are issued from 

 the Central Farm at Ottawa. 



