FRAUARIA 



FBAGARIA (Latin fmgrare, frai;rance, from the 

 smell o£ the fruit). Sosdcea. Strawberry. A small 

 genus of low perennial herbs in the north temperate 

 zone and along the American Cordilleran region. The 

 Ivs. are palma'tely 3-foliolate and toothed, all from the 

 crown of the plant: fls. white or yellow, in corymbose 

 racemes on slender, leafless scapes, sometimes lacking 

 stamens ; calyx deeply 5-lobed and reinforced by 5 

 sepal-like bracts ; petals 5, obovate ; stamens many, 

 short ; pistils many, on a conical receptacle, becoming 

 small and hard akenes and persisfiiii; i.i. the enlarging 



receptacle. The enlarged r |ii i. !^ i . ^ pulpy and 



edible in the Strawberry, ui 1 i r. but it re- 



mains small in Duchesnt-:.. ~ I '-. S27. Fra- 



garias propagate naturally I 'V iiiiii-.-i liimers. 



The Pragarias are exceedingly ,uri..l.l.. About 130 

 specific names have been applied to them, but there are 

 probably not more than a dozen forms which are dis- 

 tinct enough to be clearly distinguished as species. 

 Bentham and Hooker would reduce them all to three or 

 four species. Of the true Fragarias, four species-types 



FRAGRANT I3ALM 



605 



white below, blunt-toothed : fl. -clusters forking and 

 long-rayed, the peduncle short, soon lopping on the 

 ground: runners mostly appearing after the fruit is 

 gone: berry large and firm, dark -colored, more or less 

 musky in flavor, reinforced by a very large calyx or 

 hull. Pacific coast region of S. Amer. A common wild 

 Strawberry of the Pacific slope of N. Amer. is referred 

 to this species, but it is a question whether it is identi- 

 cal with the S. American form. 



Var. ananissa, Hort. (F. anandssa, F. tlncta, F. 

 calyculAta, Duchesne. F. grandiflbra, Ehrh.). Pine 

 Stkawberby. Common Garden Strawberry. Taller 

 growing: Ivs. larger and thinner, mostly lighter green 

 on both sides : fr. larger, running into very many kinds. 



Virginiina, Duchesne (F. lowlnsis and F. IlUnoin- 

 sis, Prince). Scaklet or Virginian Strawberry. 

 Figs. 860, 861, 862. More slender: Ivs. thinner, light 



green above and bek 

 veins: fl. -clusters sn 

 the top of a rather Ic 



, the upper surface with sunken 

 ill, with a few hanging fruits at 

 ig peduncle: runners usually ap- 

 pearing with the fruit: berry 

 small, light scarlet, globular or 

 oblong-conical, usually with a 

 constriction or nor-k unrirvneath 

 the moderates./i'l i-;ilv\ ur 

 hull. E. North AnHr.-^\:i,i- 

 able. The larger nn^.nMir hairy 

 forma have buLU sti-arattil as 

 var. lUinohisis, Gray, but it is 

 diflicult to define them from the 

 type; and the same is true of 

 the boreal forms, which have 

 been detached as J*'. Canaden- 

 sis, Michx. A few early varie- 

 ties of Strawberries, as Crystal 

 City, seem to be wholly or 

 partly of F. Virginiana origin. 



BB Lvs. normally shorter than 

 the fl. -clusters : akenes 

 nsually not sunken in the 

 flesh of the berry. 

 v63ca, Linn. {F. semperflb- 

 jfjis, Duchesne). Alpine and 

 Perpetual Stra wberri es. 

 Erect and dark green, only 

 sparsely hairy, the lvs. thin and light green as com- 

 pared with the foregoing species, very sharp-toothed : 

 fl.-cluster small, forking, erect : In-rry firm, small, 

 usually oblong-oonical, the al. im \.r., i.n.minent ; 

 hull spreading. Eu.-The Ai ; i . niative of 



861. Fragaria Virginiana. 



are intcre.stiiiL' to tiic liorticulturist as the parents of 

 til. jM.irn >: ,,r 1.. ,,;-,- F. Chiloensis, the Original of 

 |1m I , I , strawberries of America ; F. 



I . - I I . irlydomesticated, and of which 



so tra.'r III! iriiiains in cultivated Varieties ; F.mos- 



c/m/c, tlio Ilaiitljciis, and F . vesca , the alpine and per- 

 petual Strawberries, which are little cultivated in this 

 country. Aside from these, the Indian Strawberry, or 

 Duchesnea, is cultivated as a basket and rock plant. 

 For a sketch of the evolution of Strawberries, see Essay 

 25, Bailey's "Survival of the Unlike." The classical 

 work on Strawberries is Duchesne's "Histoire Naturelle 

 des Fraisiers." 1766. See Strawberry. 



A. True Strawberries, bearing an edible "berry" {or 



receptacle), and with a more or less upright habit: 

 fls. white. 



B. Lfs. normally overtopping the fls. and fr.: akenes 



mostly sunken in the flesh of the berry. 



Chiloensis, Duchesne. Pig. 859. Low, but stout in all 



its parts: lvs. thick, more or less glossy above, bluish 



Cham. <Si Schlecht. 



moscMta, Duchesne (F. elAtior, Ehrh.). Hautbois. 

 Taller, usually dioecious, more pubescent, the calyx or 

 hull strongly' reflexed from the fruit: berry dull red, 

 musky. Eu.— Cult, forms rarely seen in Amer. 



aa. Duchesnea. Receptacle less fleshy, tasteless: habit 

 trailing: fls. yellow. 



tndica, Andr. Neat trailing plant with small obovate 

 crenate-dentate leaflets, solitary long-pedicelled fls., 

 and calyx bracts toothed. India. Naturalized E. -Very 

 useful as a basket trailer. l. pj. B. 



FKAGKANT BALM. Monarda didyma. 



