606 FRAME 



FRAME. Fip. 8G5. A box without permanent top or 

 bottom which is designed, when covered with gliisa or 

 other transparent material, as a place in which to grow 

 plants. When supplied with artificial bottom heat, the 

 frame is part of a hotbed ; when supplied only with sun 



fll^ f |^|^1<'^'''^/ -J^X 



I 



m 



864. Fruit of Fragaru 



Nit s,iz, 



heat, it is part of a coldframe. The Fr:ime niuy be of 

 any size, but the normal size is 6 x 12 ft., an area which 

 accommodates four 3 X C ft. sashes; and this 0x12 area is 

 understood when one speaks of "a Frame." See ffot- 

 *<"'■ L. H. B. 



FKANClSCEA, Included with Britnfelsia. 



FRANCOA (Fr. Franco, Valencia, sixteenth century). 

 S«rifraii()rea . Three species of Chilean perennial 

 herbs, with turnip-like (lyrate) Ivs. and terminal, dense 

 racemes of white or pink fls. borne in summer. They 

 are interesting as having points in common with Cras- 

 sulaceae, Rosaceie, Galax and even I>ini)ii-a. Tbev grow 

 about 2 ft. high, and in tlir >,,,.. i ni,i ,,. ri;;,,- lip win- 

 tered in a coldframe. s I I pilose 

 or tomentose: rhiy.onio Hi n ■: . : : : ~."i;lan- 

 dular-dentate: fls. 1 in. nn.., , n- i;i;nn n . :;-. m i;,oemes 

 6 in. long: floral parts in 4 s, rarclv us; putals obovate, 

 clawed. 



A. FJs. while. 



ramdsa, D. Don. Taller, woodier and more 

 branching than the others, and distinguished 

 by pubescent infloi-escence. Leaf-stalks not 

 margined: fls. smaller. Hardy at Washington, 

 D. C, according to J. Saul, with spikes 2 ft. 

 long and 1 in. thick. 



AA. Fls. mostly pink. 



B. Leaf-stalks broadly winged at the base. 



Bonohifdlia, Cav. Lower lobes continuous with 

 the broad margin at the base of the leaf -stalk: 

 petals deep rose, dark-spotted. B.M. 3309. 



BB. Leaf-stalks not loinged at the base. 



appendicuUta, Cav. Lower lobes distant from the 

 base of the stalk: petals pale rose, rarely spotted. B.JI. 

 3178 (shows a white longitudinal band on petals). B.R. 

 19:1645, where Lindley said (1833), "It thrives better if 



lii-ters of dull 

 oniraonly dark- 

 corolla wheel- 



FRAXIXrS 



constantly kipt in a greenhouse, especially if it be 

 planted in the open soil, where it can be freely exposed 

 to light and air, without which the beautiful spots of its 

 petals are scarcely developed." His plate shows 4 pretty 

 red spots near the base of each petal. L.B.C. 19;18G4, 

 erroneously named F. sonchi folia, has the midveins and 

 bases of the side veins of the petals dark red. ■^_ jj 



FBASEBA (John Fraser, English botanist, collected 

 in America 1785-96 and publi-^^hc.l Wnltrr's Flora Caro- 



liuiana). Gentian iiceo'. f-i 1 ■ ... siout herbs, 



all North American, and iili l < '-ti-rn will] a 



single stem from thick, liii:. - :> luiial roots, 



opposite or whorled Ivs., :up1 >■ umi,-. 

 « hite, yellowish or bluish fls. wlik-li ar 

 ■ spotted ; calyx deeply 4-parted 

 _^^^ shaped, 4-parted, persistent. 



' A. Lvs. in whorls of 4-G, not white-margined. 



^?*" specldaa, Dougl. Fls. greenish white or barely 

 tinged bluish, dark-dotted : 2 glands on each 

 'yH- corolla lobe. — Cult, by D. M.Andrews, Boulder, 

 ^ Colo. 



AA. Lvs. in i's orS's, white-margined. 

 B. Height 2-3 ft.: fls. whitish, dark-dotted. 

 P4rryi,Torr. Lvs. opposite or in 3's: 1 notched 

 .,'Iand on each corolla lobe.— Int. 1891 by Orcutt, San 

 Diego. 



BB. Heights-Sin.; fls. bluish. 

 CilBickii, Gray. Lvs. opposite : 1 gland reaching from 

 near the base to near the middle of each corolla lobe.— 

 Adv. 1889 by F. H. Horsford, Charlotte, Xt. xi-_ ji_ 



FBAXINELLA. See Dictamnus. 



FRAXINUS (ancient Latin name). OleAcea-. Ash. 

 Hardy ornamental trees, with deciduous, opposite, pin- 

 nate, rather large lvs. and small fls. in panicles, either 

 appearing before the lvs. and greenish, or in the subge- 

 nus Ornus after or with lvs. and whitish in showy pani- 

 cles : the winged fr. is insignificant. They are valuable 

 as street and park trees, and grow mostly into tall, pyr- 

 amidal or broad-headed trees, with rather light green 

 foliage, which turns yellow or dark purple in fall or re- 

 mains green, as in F. excelsior and Ornus. The Ash is 

 seldom severely injured, though a number of insects 

 and fungi prey on the lvs, and wood, of which two borers, 

 and a fungus atta.Kin- fli I ■,. :irf perhaps the most 

 obnoxious. Jlostii ip hardy North except 



those frcini tlio m m.^ -i.uthern Europe and 



Himahivas ; of tl.. >,,.. _ > nu- i n hiis.ii'. Biingeana and 

 F. l:t„,,ii-i(si,;s sciii tu L,L liie li.ndiest. The Ashes are 

 iin]".rtMiit f<.rist trees, and the straight-grained and 



to»i.'li \v 1 is much used for handles of tools, in the 



niaiml'artmc of carriages and wagons, for the interior 

 flnisli of bouses, .and for furniture, for baskets and also 

 for fuel. From F. Ornus manna is obtained as an exu- 

 dation of the trunk, and some Chinese species yield the 

 Chinese white wax. The Ashes grow in almost any 

 moderately moist soil, F. nigra being somewhat more 

 ■e-loving. while i*'. OTyearpa,F. Ornus, F. Sogdi- 



~ "^ 865 A Frame 



It accommodites four sashes 

 ana and F. ciispidata grow well even in drier situations. 

 They are generally readily transplanted and grow rapidly 

 when young. Prop, by seeds gathered in fall and sown 

 immediately, or stratified and sown in spring, covered 

 about] in. high with good soil; sometimes remain dor- 



