626 



GARCIXIA 



is usually regarded as a consummate achievement iu 

 tlie art of gardening. 



Mangostina, Linn. Manoostees. Fig. 893. Height 

 20 ft.: Irs. 7-8 in. long, elliptic: fls. reddish; petals i: 

 fr. about2Kin. indiiuu. B.M. 4847. L.B.C. 9:845. P.S. 

 22:2359. G.C. 11. 4:G57. 



Mor611a, Desr. Gamboge Tree. Height 30-50 ft. : Ivs. 

 more t;ipering at both ends: Hs. yellowish: fr. resem- 

 bling a Morello cherry in size and shape. -^ jj^ 



The Mangosteen is a native of the Malay peninsula 

 and archipelago. It is cultivated, and bears fruit in 

 some parts of Ceylon and in a few spots in the Madras 

 Presidency, but no success has been obtained in its cul- 

 tivation in other parts of India. DeCandolle, mbis"Ori- 

 gin of Cultivated Plants," says: "Among cultivated 

 plants it is one of the most local, both in its origin, habi- 

 tation and cultivation." In the West 

 Indies it is successfully cultivated 

 Trinidad and Jamaica, but only in 

 spots where the climate is moist, ho' 

 and fairly equable all through the 

 year ; for instance, in the Jamaica 

 Botanic Gardens it bears good ci 

 fair-sized fruit at Castleton, in a val- 



B93. The Mangosteen— 

 Garcinia Mangostana. 



(XJ^.) 



One of the choicest 



tropical fruits. 



ley on the north side, with ;i meuu tt-mpfrature of 76° F. 

 and an annual rainfall of 113 inches, whereas attempts 

 to grow it have failed at Hope Gardens, in the Liguanea 

 plain of the south side, with a mean temperature of 72° 

 and an annual rainfall of 52 inches. Experience in 

 southern India is much the same; it will grow only in 

 valleys,— not in the open plains. In England the tree 

 has been grown in hothouses and the fruit ripened suc- 

 cessfully. 



The Gamboge Tit.- i^ ,mi.-l, ,,„,r.- wiilrly .listriliuted, 



being native thi-.m-l i liMli;i. ('lyhiii,' .Mah.ya and 



Siam. As one nii:;l]t, ix|mtI, iis .miIi i\;ii i..u is ea^y, as it 



and heat. In Jamaica it has become naturalized in some 

 parts of the wetter districts. -^5, Fawcett. 



GARDEN and GARDENING, The word Garden 

 etymologically means an inclosed space, and Garden- 

 ing is, therefore, distinguished from agriculture by be- 

 ing carried on within an inclosure of some kind instead 

 of in the open fields. Gardening operations are usually 



GARDENIA 



conducted on a smaller scale than tlj..-,. ot n-ii.nilture, 

 and by more intensive methods. (.;m,,.i ;,_- m,,| horti- 

 culture are really synonymous teriii-. 1 : ' , a 



horticulturist is supposed to hav ,1 , ,d 



training and wider range of activities 1 , n a lmmm mr. 

 Jloreovcr, the word Gardening now sut^K'si.s nn.re of 

 the private, homelike and personal point of view, 

 whereas the most distinctive feature of American hor- 

 ticulture is the immense commercial importance of 

 fruit-growing on a greater scale than that of Old World 

 Gardening, and a marked emphasis of the professional 

 side of a fruit-grower's work. The history and discus- 

 sion of Gardening are, therefore, set forth in this book 

 under Horticulture. Large private places are often 

 divided into Fruit Garden, Kitchen Garden and Flower 

 Garden. Fruit-growing is the same as Pomology 

 (which see). Kitchen-Gardening, in its widest sense, is 

 the same as Vegetable-Gardening (which see), or the 

 more learned word, Olericulture; but the expression 

 Kitclioii-Gardening is nnw less common, and generally 

 indicates the private and uncommercial point of view, 

 wliereas Msirket-Uardening and Truck-Gardening 

 (which are practically the same) are now the chief 

 words used for the wholesale and commercial side of 

 Vegetable-Gardening in the U. S. Flower-Gardening, a 

 third primary division of Garden- 

 ^..^ ing, is the same as Floriculture 



^ .. I which see). Under Ornamental 



< ianlcning and Landscape Garden- 

 iiiL' are explained the two different 

 l"iiiits of view in the use of plants 

 and flowers for tljeir 

 own sakes or when 

 grouped for artistic 

 effects, the nature- 

 \ like or picturesque 



"A conception being set 

 ?^\, forth under Land- 

 N -^ scape Gardening, and 

 the artificial or mere- 

 ly decorative styles 

 under Ornamental 

 Gardening. America 

 being the only coun- 

 try where cut-flowers 

 ; aru commercially more important at present than 

 t Ijo trade in potted plants, a special article is de- 

 voted to Cut-flowers in this work. Other depart- 

 iiu-uts of Ornamental Gardening are treated un- 

 'lir Greenhouse Management, Alpine Gardens 

 including Kock Gardens), Aquatics (including 

 f.og Gardens), Trees, Shrubs, Herbaceous Per- 

 tiinials and Annuals. 



Hln Dmiitx, 



GARD£NIA( after Alexander Garden.M.D. , of Charles- 

 ton, S.C., a correspondent of Linnieus). £ubidcecf. This 

 includes the Cape Jasmine, a tender shrub 2-6 ft. high, 

 with thick, evergreen foliage and large double, waxy 

 Camellia-like, fragrant fls. It blooms from May to Sept. 

 in the South, where it is often used for hedges, and is 

 hardy as far north as Va. In the middle of the century 

 the Cape Jasmine was considered one of the finest stove 

 shrubs in cultivation, but with the waning popularity of 

 Camellias the doom of the Cape Jasmine as a conserva- 

 tory plant was sealed. The Camellia has a greater range 

 of color, and has had hundreds of varieties, while its 

 scented rival has had liarely a dozen. The flowers of the 

 Capo Jasmine have never been so perfectly regular as 

 those of a Camellia, and the plants are very subject to 

 insert (lie lilies. Their bloom is successional rather than 

 elii ' . iiii'l I:-: e ],!:iiii-i ;iio therefore not so showy as 

 Ci ii ' i i ' ' iil'Tably grown abroad for cut- 

 Ill ' I'l ants a season or two old be- 

 lli- I 111 I I n -III-, The variety with variegated 



l.iliaf;,- 1, .lii.nieraii.l « calmer growing. The true botani- 

 cal name of the Cape Jasmine is G. ja.<imi»n)(Jen, a 

 name almost never used in the trade. "Cape Jasmine" 

 itself is one of the most remarkable cases of the vitality 

 of an erroneous popular name. Thesincle-fld. form was 



