GERARDIA 



BB. Corolla glabrous outside : perennial. 



c. Height S-6 ft. 



quercifdlia, Pursh. Stem at first glaucous : lower 1 vs. 



3-5 in. long, 1-2-piniiatifld : upper Ivs. often entire. 



Dry woods, N. Am. 



cc. might 1-S ft. 

 laevigata, Raf. Not glaucous : Its. VA-i in. long. 

 Oak baj-rens, etc., N. Am. 



AA. Fls. rosy purple rarely varying to white. 

 B. Height 1 ft. 

 tenuifdlia, Vahl. Height 1ft.: brapching, paniculate : 

 inflor. racemose: Ivs. mostly narrowly linear: corolla 

 Kin. long. Low or dry ground, N. Am. 

 BB. Height 2-3 ft. 

 llnifolia, Nutt. Perennial: Ivs. erect, very narrowly 

 linear, 1 line wide: calyx teeth minute; corolla 1 in. 

 long. Low pine barrens, N. Am. Not cult., but said to 

 be a parent with Peittstemon pulchellus of G. hybrida, 

 Hort. Int. by Haage & Schmidt, 1899. The poor cut in 

 S.H. 2:485 seems nearer Pentstemon than Gerardia. 

 W. M. 

 GERMANDER. See Teucrium. 



GESNfiEIA (Conrad Gesner, Zurich, 1516-1565, cele- 

 brated naturalist, and considered to be the originator of 

 the idea of genus in taxonomy). Gesnerdcece. Some- 

 times written Gesnera. More than 50 herbs of tropical 

 America (chiefly Brazilian), with simple, opposite Irs. 

 and showy tubular tis. in terminal short panicles or 

 fascicles. Calj'x campanulate, 5-parted ; corolla long, 

 straight or curved, more or less venti'icose, the base 

 often distinctly swollen or gibbons, the limb mostly 

 shallow-toothed and nearly r<.Lnil!ir "r biliibiate; sta- 

 mens i, didynamous |iii ii.it- ntnir ili.- upper lip); 

 style 1, long ; glands oiiii' il. Handsome 



■warmhouse plants (nii..^tl i , illii-d to Achi- 



menes, Gloxinia, Isoloma :iii.] st i , j,i,„ .npus. Some of 

 the Gesnerias of the trade Im lunLrto Na'^elia, which dif- 

 fers, amongst other things, in having an annular or 

 ringed disk rather than a disk of distinct glands. 



L. H. B. 



Gesnerias are tuberous bulbous, or rhizomatous 

 plants. They are natives of tropical S. America and 

 Mexico, and all have a period of rest corresponding with 

 the dry season. The stems rise directly from the root- 

 stock. They are clothed with opposite, mostly heart- 

 shaped, sometimes ovate, leaves. They are densely hir- 

 sute ; the hairs often are brightly tinted, giving them a 

 sheen like the plumage of birds, so that they are quite 

 as much admired for their handsome foliage as for the 

 flowers. The inflorescence is generally a branched 

 corymb, and the flowers are tubular-labiate, with the limb 

 rarely flattened, as in Achimenes. Gesnerias are not 

 nearly as popular as they once were, probably on ac- 

 count of the transitory character of their corollas, which 

 are continually falling, lasting but a day or two. The 

 roots must be kept in a moderately warm place, such as 

 would suit Gloxinias. They should be kept in the pots 

 in which they have grown, and be watered about once a 

 week during the resting period. It is a mistake to sup- 

 pose the roots can be kept in dry sand and still retain 

 their vitality. When the roots show a tendency to send 

 up stems is the time to start them, picking out the ad- 

 vanced ones first. In this way a long season can be se- 

 cured. They need a light soil to start with, about equal 

 parts leaf-soil, loam and sand, and should be placed in a 

 moderate temperature. Very little water will be required 

 until they are well started. If it is desired to increase 

 stock, smaller bulbs may be boxed off, and cuttings 

 made of surplus shoots. Seeds are produced rather 

 freely, and some good hybrids are in cultivation. As 

 they advance in growth, larger pots will be needed, and 

 a, little stronger soil, — the mixture divided into four 

 parts, adding well-decayed manure. They will take 

 abundance of water and some liquid manure when com- 

 ing into bloom. If neatly trained they make handsome 

 specimens. Their beautiful foliage is liable to be 

 spoiled by impurities or sediment in water, so that we 

 avoid overhead syringing, particularly as they develop. 

 After blooming, a good light place should be given, and 



the plants watered until they show signs of going to 

 rest. As they are naturally an undergrowth, a light 

 shading will be beneficial in the hottest weather. 



Cult, by T. D. Hatfield. 

 A. Lvs. green. 



cardinilis, Lem. ( G. macrdntha, Hort. ) . Stem 6-12 in. 

 high, stout and hairy : Ivs. large, cordate-ovate, cre- 

 nate-dentate, petioled : fls. red, tubular, hairy, slender 

 (2-3 in. long), the upper lip projecting and the lower 

 one almost wanting, borne in a terminal, more or less 

 flatcluster. Nativity unknown. Gn. 42:874.— G. />»!'a;4, 

 Hort., is evidently only a slender form of this species. 



HSndersoni, Hort. Lvs. velvety green : fls..T in. long, 

 brilliant scarlet, in a large truss. Probably of garden 



longiJldra, Hort., is a small-leaved species, with droop- 

 ing, long-tubed nicotiana Hla^ v.-hiti- tN. Hn. ,S3:644.- 

 The botanical positii>ii ^f il'i- | ! i"i i- in ■!<Milit. It is 

 not the <?. longiflorii. lil;K., 'i-l.-fld., nor 



G.Zonyfffom, DC, whirl, I- I, „ :, flora. By 



some it has been confuinulr.l \\iili /<-;.<,„., h'lii/ifoliiim, 



AA. Lvs. richly colored, at least underneath. 



Lfeopoldi, Scheidw. Compact : stem erect from the 

 large, depressed tuber, thinly hairy: lvs. verticillate in 

 4's, broadly ovate-acuminate, more or less unequal at 

 base, dentate, green above and purple beneath : fls. long- 

 tubular, thinly hairy, the lobes nearly equal; light scar- 

 let, in a rather loose, umbel-like cluster. Nativity not 

 recorded. F.S. 7:704-5. Gn. 53:1176. 



Donkelseriana, Lem. {G. ninkela rii, Sook.). Stem 

 often 2 ft. tall : lvs. large, cordate-ovate, crenate, hairy, 

 green and purple-tinged above and purple beneath : fls. 

 tubular campinulate the rounded lobes nearly equal, 

 dull red, 2 m long hangmg from long pedicels m a 

 large panicle ^ auxble Colombia BM 5070 RB 

 21 97 F lbo3 241 



Exomfinsis Hort Hybrid lvs velvetv with led nnd 

 purple hiirs fis blight orange rtd m (_1( st clusteis 



refulgens Hort Hybrid lvs cordatt i il led hairy 



L H B 



GEUffl , 



/ I to have i taste , referring to the 

 roots) iioicU I This genus includes some hne hardy 

 border and rotk plants some of ^^hlch ire \ alued for 

 then bright red fls , some for their pure > ellow-fls , 

 others for their long plumy fruits. Herbs, with a per- 

 ennial rhizome, sometimes stoloniferous : root-lvs. 

 crowded, odd-pinnate, the alternate lobes often smaller, 

 terminal ones largest ; stem-lvs. few, mostly of 3 Ifts. 

 or bract-like: fls. 1-2 in. across, solitary or corymbose. 

 More than 30 species, mostly in temperate and frigid 



The plumy kinds are all contained in the subgenus 

 Sieversia. G. Chiloense is the best species, and in the 

 gardens is commonly seen in double forms. A gardener 

 writes that "inferior forms show scarcely any duplicity." 

 Geums are of easy culture, and are prop, by division or 

 seed. It is said that they hybridize freely if grown 

 together. The dwarf kinds are suited only to the rock- 

 ery. Correvon, of Geneva, Switz., writes that G. reptans 

 is one of the best of the rockery kinds, and needs full 

 sunlight. For G. trifloruii 

 sun and a light, moist soil, 

 marshy places. 



A. Plumij Geums: style in fruit long and plumose. 



B. ris. yellou\ 



c. Plants spreadiny by runners. 



rSptana, Linn. Root-lvs. interruptedly pinnatifid : 

 upper lvs. 3-lobed : fls. erect ; petals obcordate. Eu. 

 Gn. 45:9.56. -The purple styles are pretty. 



