656 



GOODYERA 



OrchidAce(e, tribe Neottike. This genus includes the 

 Rattlesnake Plantain an<l a few other dwarf terrestrial 

 orchids of minor importance which are cult, chiefly for 

 their variegated foliage. They grow a few inches high, 

 with scapes 8-15 in. high at most. About 25 species. 

 Lvs. radical, usually reticulately veined: fls. in dense 

 or loose spikes; labellum saccate; anther on the back 

 of the column, 



A. Hardy native plants. 

 B. Labellttm strowjlij inflated, uitli a short tip. 

 pub6scenB, R. Br. Rattlesnake Plantain. Fig. 

 fl20. Lvs. ovate, deep green ; veins netted, 

 white: scape stout: spike dense, ovate in outline 

 before anthesis: fls. globular, whitish; beak of 

 stigma short, obscure. Aug. N. F. to Fla., west 

 to Mich, and Minn. L. B.C. 1:1. B.B. 1:474. Mn. 

 2:54. F.S. 15:1555. A. G. 12:281 .and 13:520. Should 

 be grown in orriin.irr loam mixed with pine needles 

 and dry pine twi;,'^. N"t well suited for green- 

 house cult. 



BB. Lahellum 

 c. Beak of lli< 



iri/Ji ((» elongated tip. 

 .s7mi(/. )■ than its body. 



rtpens, R. Br. I.v^. .ivat,- t.. oblong-lanceolate; 

 veins dark: s|.iki- 1-si.l.il: hiliellura with a re- 

 curved tip. L.B.C. 21); 1U»^7. B.B. 1:474. Rhodora, 

 1, plate 1. Var. ophiodes, Fernald (Fig. 921), 

 is the commoner form of this species, with very 

 broadly marked lvs. 

 cc. Beak as long as or longer than the stigma 



tesselita, Lodd. (G. pubi^((ns var m)not) 

 Lvs. broadlv ovate to oblong lanccolati 

 exceedingly" variable: scape slender spike loo^e 

 Hs.whii.-; iMl.fllum less saccate than in 

 *,'. ,-,/.,,.«; til, straight. BM 2540 / - 



1,.I;.C. ln;',i:.-'. Rhodora 1, plate 1. ^'^ 

 (■Miifn^icl l.v tr.idesmen with the next, 

 -yhould be planted out m a rockery 

 in shade, the roots being firmly placed 

 among dead pine needles and 

 loam. Referred by Index Kew 

 ensis to G. pubescens. 



Mfinziesii, T indl. Plant rather 

 large: veins netted: spike somewhat 

 1-sided. Western U. S. to northern N 

 Eng. B.B. 1:475. — Advertised by 

 Dutch dealers. 



AA. Tender exotics, cult, under glass. 

 B. Lv.i. with a whitish midrein. 



veliitina, Maxim. FIs.whiti.sh, tinged 

 rose. Japan. F.S. 17:1779. 



EB. Lvs. with tvhite, netted veins. 



ScWechtendaliana, Reichb. f. {G. Japdnica, Blume). 

 In general appearance like G. tesselata. Lvs. ovate: 

 spike loose: fls. white. Japan. -Once advertised by 

 Pitcher & Manda. 



GOOSEBERRY 



immense English varieties were derived, with a crying 

 need for better table varieties, practically nothing has 

 been done to improve the natives. Our natives have not 

 been improved primarily because the American people 

 have never acquired or cultivated a taste for the fresh 

 fruit of the Gooseberry. In England the fruit of many 

 of the large, flne-flavored varieties is used uncooked. 

 In America the fruit of the Gooseberrj- is thought of 

 only in connection with pie (tai-t) or jam, and when 

 transformed into these food products, flavor, while of 

 some importance, is but a minor consideration. The 

 claim that English Gooseberries are less palatable than 

 the natives is quite true, when passed upon from 

 this standpoint. The best cooking apples are not 

 usuull, i rl. . rl ill 111.- iMW state on the table, and 

 vici' M ! I i ; t is this — and it is worth mak- 



ing— li I .Insert Gooseberries and also 



cuiiiiai . I .! -. We should keep the classes 



distiuci, ail. I v...ik LH' the production of varieties 

 with the vigor of our natives and quality and size 

 of fruit of the best European. Houghton was pro- 

 duced nearly 70 years ago, and Downing from 

 Houghton seed. Kr.iwn by t'barles Downing, about 

 40 vears ago ( -. . 1; .li. ■. . I,. ..lution of our Native 

 Fruits"). Til. . I ■ vpresent the Amer- 



ican tvpe, altli. : ! : )Mi. that Downing is 

 It of a . ). -- I.I I M . II Houghton and some 

 European variety, 'ilio bal.it of the plant partakes 

 somewhat of European characteristics. Downing 

 is the more popular. 



Site and preparation of soil. -Tho larprest and 

 finest native bushes ai-.- fi..iti.l .ii".!! vi.li l...»t..m 



lands. Moist, but not s.. ■ . i .■ i . i.^t 



results. No amount of i. - ...ly 



soil into condition suit:.! . i . ul- 



ture of the Gooseberry iny, li. r. in iln- ...i.ntry 

 pt, perhaps, along the iimth Atlantic and north 

 Pacific seaboards. Good results have been secured 

 in the Lake Ontario fruit region on reddish, cal- 

 careous clay. In sucli situations the 



slope . 



regii 



jrth 



lay loam ridge 

 tial to the fullest suc- 

 cess. A clover sod turned under 

 and thoroughly worked up is an 

 excellent preparation for the 

 Gooseberry plantation. A heavy 

 preparatory application of barn- 

 yard manure may tend to make 

 the soil too porous and too eas- 

 ily dried out. If applied the sea- 

 previous 



GOOKA NUT is a name for the Cola. 



GOOSEBEEEY. The Gooseberrv an.l the currant are 



w....ftli.lia.-.li..sttvi...s,.n,uslifiiui-. Til.' iL.iM-.. forms 

 iiUi.-.- far II. .rill ii.t.i I'.rilisli Am. r- ■ /,' S.-ed- 



nient. Miller, 17.31, says it would be useless to attempt 

 an enumeration of varieties. In America the Gooseberry 

 has been a neglected fruit. With wild forms in abun- 

 dance, types greatly superior to those from which the 



Planting and training.— The Gooseberry vegetates at 

 a low temperature. It should, therefore, be planted as 

 soon as the ground can be -n-orked in spring. A better 

 plan is to plant .ailvin autumn. It may bo transplanted 



degrees, an.l n.irtli ..t that lin.^ tr..iii s. i.temi.er 1 up to 

 the beginnins; ..f lr..slv w.aili. r. Wh. n set out late in 

 autumn, the .surface of the yrouud sboul.l be thoroughly 

 mulched with straw or manure. The English varieties 

 grow somewhat larger than the American type, and re- 

 quire rather more space. The plants are variou.sly dis- 

 tanced, according to the inclination of the grower; 6x3, 

 5 X 3, and 4 x 4 ft. apart for garden culture are the com- 

 moner distances at which the plants are set. 



The training of the Gooseberry is exceedingly simple. 

 It bears most freely on 2- and 3-year-old wood. The aim 



