GKAPTAGE 



661 



the soil. All these instances seem to be special 

 r exceptions to the general rule that each part 

 as its individuality. Keasons for this change of 

 n these cases have not been determined, and in 

 ^sps such results are not to be predicted. The 

 irk.-d effect i.f stock on the ciuu is a dwarfing in- 



|)A:,ri:i;L' Mi:n I \|m<-;,,i m I i. ■never the Stock 



I , < ..I !.::■: li- i ■ . I ' 1 1 1 • luost f aui iHar 



exa 



:fhe 



ing 



quince -i."-k. > ;-,■.:-):'-' :■ :■' : ■ .•"i_a s. 



The plant "must be"ke|.t ■hv:,,!' I.y s„l,.,.,7„.„f ,,n.riini,- 

 and other care. It is sii,'uirM-;iiii that tlirn> is i-.ii]i|itirii- 

 tively little demand for l;irt,'r-),'i-(.\viiiir f"i-iiis of wc.idy 

 plants, whereas there is a great demand for dwarf 

 forms. 



Extended experiments on plants which are not com- 

 monly grafted have thrown considerable light on the 

 possible mutual influences of cion and stock. The re- 

 searches of Dani.l , WI...S.- l:.t,-st .■,,,itril.iiti..u con. prises 

 nearly all of \-m1. s of Ain'. >ii, Nat. Sii-. s. i;Mi;in\-. 



hereditary in seedlings. These experiments, as also 

 those of Vochting, have thrown much light on the physi- 

 ology of grafting and the variation induced by it, but 

 they will not modify the practices of horticulturists nor 

 greatly change our ideas respecting the results to be 

 obtained from accustomed operations. Experience has 



932 Shield bud 



long II ' 11 iini 1 wliit general and practical re- 

 sult [ ti 111 ,] iftmg 



fh I I h „i iftmg can succeed are to 



be d t I iiiiiMit Ihese limits are 



often \ 1 I 'i ithiu the genus, 



but t' nts of distinct 



gen. ] I n some of the 



cacti II I I lie not compar- 



able ^ 11 1 I Li iil\ iiiji 1 II 1 t 1 i lis proposed for 

 purposes of eUssiheatiuu, lud intcrgr itting like inter- 

 crossing has no necessary relation to these conceptions. 

 In general the closer the aftmitv of eion and stock, the 

 bettei the union Win u stock of the same species can- 

 not In UM 1 It is ill Will t I !i ) )s. mother species. 

 Thus 11 h I I II iiiii ill 1 111 1 ipanese plum 



stO( ks 111 1 \lii i| I _i 111 \ 111 n s of Japanese 

 plums ,11 1 I M h 11 II I 11111 1 iini I il 111 ind domestica 

 plum stocks lia\e In t n used In sorar cases another 

 species grows more readily from seed, is cheaper, is less 

 liible to fungous iniun m the nurspiv or has some 

 other practical advantage Thus most domestica plums 

 {PiKiuis clniiwitua) in the NTorth are worked on the 

 myrjbalanlP iKrtsi^wM most sweet inrl sour cherries 



(Pr„„„s Aviin 



Mahaleb {P. M. 



on manetti and 



From time ti 



.<»s) are worked on the 

 kinds of roses are worked 

 ■'I stocks, 

 ises an agitation against 



particularly in the Old World. Cases of poor 

 nd the difficulties of sprouting from the root or 

 ! cited as proofs that graftage is injurious and 

 ing. But these 

 auces of poor 

 Thev show 



' don 



boots. There is no use in 

 arguing against things 

 which are indispensable. 

 The ways or fashions 

 of grafting are legion. 

 There are as many ways 

 as there are ways of 

 whittling. The operator 

 may fashion the union 

 of the stock and the cion 

 to suit himself, if only 

 he apply cambium to 

 cambium, make a close 

 joint, and properly lUMte. 

 his "Mouographie drs (Iri 

 of grafting. All kinds of ; 

 three groups : 



1. Bud-grafting or budding. In the old days called 



inoculation. 



2. Cion-grafting, or what is now thought of as graft- 



3 C aft ng 1 y app a h m t n II d na h g 



Aw d may b n d d al t th n n 1 gy f aft 

 " he pe 



t-erafting. 



r work. Thus, Thouin in 

 " l.sL'l, describes 119 kinds 

 ing may be classified into 



n f 



th 



I t 



g ft I 



n th n 

 all) 1. 

 tops of ; 



Inth E t ppl nip a a u 11 1 1 1 d 



1 ut th W t api 1 at 1 t 

 grafted. It is piacticable to insert bu K m the 

 oung trees, rather than cions, for the purfiose of 



