955. Grein Golden. 956. Eaton. 



A good Grape cluster. 



each has merit. It is probable that the upright system 

 is better for the slender or shorter varieties, as Dela- 

 ware, and also for those whose shoots stand erect, as 

 Catawba. The Kniffin has distinct merit for strong-grow- 

 ing varietips. as Concurd; it is als.i cheaper, since it 



or early spnn 

 4 buds and th 

 start, the strc 



grown to a single stake through the second 

 the end of the second year the cane may be cut back to 

 the bottom wire of the trellis, it upright training is to 

 be employed. The cane may be strong enough at this 

 time to be made the permanent trunk of the Knitlin 



the top'wire until the third year. 



The main prunine: is p.-rformed wlien tlip vine is dor- 

 North, although tlicwMii; j~ ,,tt. ii li. -nil ill N"\.iiil,er 

 if the area is larg.-. I'Mniiiii' in s|nin;,' imi.-.'^ i!i.- vine 

 to bleed, but bleeding is not injnriniis. But Iiitr pnining 

 interferes with tillage, .and the buds are likely to be in- 

 .iured after they are swollen. Summer pruning is now 

 practiced only to the extent of pulling out suckers and 

 weak shoots, and even this is not always done. Head- 

 ing-in the vine in summer is likely to start side growths, 

 which are useless and troublesome. 



Propagation. -The Grape grows readily from seeds- 



957. Moore Early. 958. Massasoit. 



which may be kept over winter and germinated : 



GRAPE be» 



be greater. Seeds produce new varieties, and they are 

 used ouly in an experimental way. 



The commercial propagation of Grapes is dune by 

 means of hardwood cuttings. These cuttings are taken 

 in the winter from the trimmings of vineyards. In all 

 ordinary cases they are made of two or three buds' 

 length, preferably three (Fig. 963). They are cut as 

 soon as the canes are trimmed, tied in small bundles, 

 and these bundles are then buried half their depth in 

 damp sand in a cool cellar. By spring the cuttings will 

 be more or less c^llused. The cuttings are planted in 

 the open on the approach of warm weather. A loose, 

 loamy soil is selected, and it is well and deepl}' pre- 

 pared. The cuttings are inserted until only the upper 

 bud stands at the surface of the ground. These cut- 

 tings are placed G to 8 inches apart in rows, and the 

 rows are far enough apart to allow of horse ctiltivation. 

 These cuttings may give plants large enough for sale 

 the following fall; but it is usually preferred to let the 

 plants grow two years before they are put upon the 

 market. In such cases it is customary, in many of the 

 best nurseries, to transplant at the end of the tirst sea- 

 son. When wood :" 



to single eyes. In this case about an inch of wood is 

 left on either side of the bud. Single-eye cuttings are 

 nearly always started under glass, preferably on the 

 greenhouse bench. If they are started m February, they 

 will be large enough for transplanting m a well-prepared 

 seed bed very eiilv in the spiing. Green wood cuttings 

 are snm. t,nn s ns. d m the summer time with new and 

 rai ' \ 1 1 , ^ are not in general favor. In 



Cilil ni s of one year are preferred; and 



m - 1 tines root readily, they are some- 



tiiii \ m the Mne\aid. 



Ill I . I I h „'i lit, ,1 I . uise of the flexible 



natiiit t th \ 111 li \ I If I- I II loinary to make the 

 gritt I 1 tin -nil . .1 il _i Hid An ordinary 

 clett ..'lilt 1- fin on, \ in, li is nsn ilh rmployed. The 

 whole \ nil IS ( ut (itt 4 111 ") iiichLS below the sur- 

 face, ancl the giatt is inserted m the same fashion as in 

 apple or pear trees. The surface may then be waxed or 

 cohered with flav or other mateiial.to keep the water 

 out nt tin (Inft nithnucrh if the earth is firmly packed 

 arimnd fh _i tf nl ii< v fi i stands, the union may be 

 peit. tl\ sill ii f i\ \Mtl it .my cover (Figs. flGi-5). 

 VuKs ut iiij i„i 111 \ I 1 o' ilted. It IS important that 



