672 



GRAPE 



development of the Chautauqua Grape zone is that some 

 of the so-called poor land has given vineyards as pro- 

 ductive as any,— land tliat previously had been given 

 over to sheep pasture, briers and mulleins. This land 

 was poor in nitrogen, but no doubt had a fair supply 

 of available potash and phosphoric acid, which Grapes 



In preparing land for vineyard planting, it is necessary 

 to lay great stress on the importance of first removing 

 ■M trees, stumps and large rocks, for when the trellis is 

 put up all tillage of the soil will be in a straight line and 

 one way. A favorite way of disposing of boulders is to 



bury them about twenty inches deeper than one thinks 

 necessary, for they have a vexatious way of overcoming 

 the power of gravitation and creeping out of their 

 graves. The real reason for this apparent freak is the 

 compacting of the soil in later years. If any open ditches 

 should cross the line of the Grape rows, they should be 

 supplied with tile and the ditch tilled so as to make long 

 "bouts" possible. Short rows and frequent turning 

 should be avoided as much as possible. Turning at the 

 end of a row is lost labor, and the time it occupies 

 would enable a team to cultivate over a hundred feet 

 straight ahead. 



The rows in nearly all the commercial vineyards are 

 9 feet apart, and the vines are planted 8 feet apart in 

 the row. This makes 60.5 plants per acre. If the land 

 is sod, plow into narrow lands, so that the center of the 

 dead-furrows are 9 feet apart, and plant in the bottom 



GRAPE 



of the dead-furrow When the plow is set to cut a fur- 

 row 8 to 9 inches dorp, thi- dciidfurrow will have about 

 t),<-rf.iiir. .1 .Uptl, fi,i-;>l:,7i-;iiL-. If the ground is stubble, 

 I' ■'•' '■•''• •■ ' •' "ut rows by striking 



■' ' 1 lie e.xercised to have 



[' ' ,■ ; - . ,.:Miit the vines straight 



lii •'■<' I"'- 'li!!- I,- :i i'!N' I. ■■:il Use, besides appealing 

 t.i tlic professi.iiiMl pride of !ill good farmers. If the 

 plants are not straight in the row, the posts cannot be 

 set straight; and if the posts are not straight the wires 

 composing the trellis will bind on the posts which are 

 out of line, and they cannot be easily tightened in 

 spring. 



No. 1 vines, of one season's growth from cuttings, 

 nre much to be preferred to No. 2 vines of the same 

 period of growth. A young plant, stunted in growth 

 cither by constitutional reasons or accident, has a 

 handicap that usually follows it all through life. For 

 the same reason, avoid planting 2-year-old plants, as 

 often they are the second season's growth of what was 

 a cull the year before. Cull plants and cull men are sel- 

 dom worth the co^t of reformation. Spring planting is 



universallj follow 

 pleted by the la', 

 during the last li 

 production, but i 

 weather and soil 

 vine. The ftw i 

 the mam 1h ' t tl 

 ThepiuiM 

 would 111 1 

 stem of 1 1 

 shown b\ " f ^ 

 V.M picLrd about 



the North. 



ited 



tin II i.ts, will hold the plant in place 

 3 It moist until the furrow can be filled by plow- 

 n stubble, or by frequent harrowing and culti- 

 t on sod Duiiugthe hist '.eason, all cultnation 



n^' 111 hiriiAMij^' iii.ssuiM iltiinitih But^littli 

 woik in \\tnlin„' will hi iiquiKil ^Mii tbtr some 

 hiiiiil imp be planted between the rows the Orst season 

 IS I qui stiiin of profit foi each ^ inejardist to decide It 

 iilils siimethinp!: to the expense of cultnation. It is gen- 

 1 1 illy no detriment to the growth of the Grape vines. 

 After the fii.st season, the ground should not be planted 

 to other crops. 



The general appearance of an infant vineyard at or 

 about the middle of the flr.st season's growth is shown 

 in Fig. 9C8. Lay great stress ui.i.ii the importance of a 

 vigorous and even growth .li;:i:,:; il,.. Hi-t :iiid second 

 years. If such is not :i!i. i .i;irs will be 



required for the vines to i i -i nutimes tbe-y 



chthi 



iiig to the vigor of the \ 

 growth, and three or fou 

 growth. In all other res|ii 

 agement should be a repetii 

 In the spring beginning i 

 most considerable expeiisi 

 of putting up the trellis, 

 training Grapes, and soim 

 special trellises must In- ■■, 

 popular .styles of iJniin imii 

 fields of the North: Kmiiin 

 Hudson river y:i11i \ ; i!i. 



rs requ 



can obt.ain the greatest aliioin.t of :iir ami sunsliii 

 of which can be secured by several methods, 

 common form of trellis may be illustrated by a 



