been sold at less than $10 per ton, and at more than $15. 

 When more than the latter, it is risky for the seller to 

 be too confident of a much higher priee for any great 

 length of time; and if less than the former, the buyer 

 would better secure his supply as soon as possible. An 

 average price is, say, $12.50. This gives a gross income 

 for a 4-tou acre of Concords as $50, and a net income 

 from $27 to $30. Be it remembered that this is for 

 Urapes in crates. The cost of packing 4 tons of Grapes 

 in 8-pound baskets, including baskets, would be from 

 $28 to $30. The prices for Concords in crates or baskets 

 vary so much that it may be advantageous to sell in 

 either way. A man with a small vineyard and a large 

 family would pack in baskets, when another who had to 

 pay all his help or who found help scarce would sell 

 by the ton in crutes. ,,, ,„^, -^y, Spen-cer. 



Grapea in the South.— I'Ih- r. mu south of the 

 38th degree nditli Iniinid. li.i^ in ii more native spe- 

 cies of Grapes tlian rill th^- wmi-M J.rsiiles. This alone 

 would lead one to suppose the South naturally adapted 

 to vineyard culture. Yet New York, Ohio and Califor- 

 nia up to the present far excel it in vineyard area, al- 

 though only three or four species are native in these 

 states. The cause of this is that diligent experimen- 

 ters and originators have produced varieties of good 

 marketable value adapted to those regions, from natives 

 of those regions, or hybrids of natives with hardiest 

 foreign kinds. In the case of California, the vinifera 

 varieties are mostly grown because the climate and 

 other conditions are so similar to those of the native re- 

 gion of the vinifera. But the South has chiefly planted 

 the northern and ftireign varieties ^v]li'■ll surcced but in- 

 diffeivnlly in ni-.M .^^nflnT., [...•.V,lh -. ;,,M L:,^ nrfjlected 

 alni"-i . n '-ently. 



Now i , : : . II. 'lit and 



be! 



ridi; 



tivated in tlir i 

 tawba, Concof'i, 

 Moore Early, Jl" 

 Perkins, W.inlri 



of AiiMn,:,. r.. 



Coin. I. . • 

 Easi , ; ■! 



ware, iJi.m.i, 1 e 



Virgil 



aade 



:. ! ' i>. II K.irly, Gold 



! ' I'resly. 



• ■■, the following 



: :. ' ,.■.., I 'N, ('oneord, Dela- 



■ .!'■■ I . I l:n-ti'oriI, Herbe- 



Norton Virgil II :^ ' .: i : i , \' ,. i )f the 



Muscadine ela , . : . i , ; • , ' 1 1 li, Scup- 



pernong, ThmiLi-. I':i\ -naMr m. m i, >. oi \ arni ics test- 

 ing, is made of Brilliant, Bertrand, Carnian, Fern, Gold 

 Coin, Jaeger, Laussel, Marguerite, Superb. In the south- 

 western section, west of the OGth meridian, are chiefly 

 planted the Herbemont Jacquez [Black Spanish, Le- 

 noii ] Niagara an I C olden CI isv.elas Malaga and some 

 other vmifera % aiieties near the g ilf coast and in 

 western Te\i under iirigati n By several who have 

 hal tl em ler t 1 for se cril years favorable men- 

 tio f 1 T ant Carman, Fern, Jac- 



g€ I 1 Ne-\a Perry, as fur- 



n Grapes for this region. 



1 N starnes gives me the 



foil eties in order named: 



Ive ( N If, II are Mo le Early, Goethe, 



Lii \\e\ aid for wine Norton \irginia, Scuppernong 

 an 1 Th as 



ttnerald t i cp 1 1 \ 1 D lawa cs 8 x 8; Rotundi- 

 fohas W ft I 1 lethod of train- 



ing chiefly val or cane re- 



newal prun circumstances. 



Some groove f single stakes, 



using eithei o I ig the umbrella 



Kniffin or lo \ \ ire arm sp ii X\i ifli i svstem of train- 

 ing a rling to circumstances bee Bulletin No. 28, 

 Georgia Experiment Station. 



GRAPE 



" Very little wine is now made in this state, and that is 

 nearly all claret from Norton Virginia, Ives or Concord. 

 In southern Georgia a poor article of Scuppernong wine 

 is made, but it is not a<lapted to trained palates— too 

 foxy. Delaware and Goethe blended are sometimes used 

 to make a very good Rhine wine, and when properly 

 handled sometimes prodnee m, i -Pi llmt mtiele. Goethe 

 must, reinforced with 20 ]'■ :■ : . ' .rnia brandy, 



makes a good pale sherry: i tu sell wine 



here profitably. When ii r: , ;, prices range 



from 50 cts. to $2 per gall in. a curi)a;. Id the grade. 

 Grape vinegar, while generally regariled as inferior to 

 cider vinegar, will bring about 25 or 30 cts. at retail and 

 20 cts. wholesale, and at these figures is more profitable 

 than wine. 



"When sold fresh the Grapes are generally shipped in 

 refrigerator cars in 10-pound baskets to different north- 

 ern points. Later shipments take a southerly direction 

 to Atlantic and Gulf seai«.rls. Suinetii.ies the r.frula- 

 tion 6- oi-e. .irri. r 1" ■-. 'i r.r:,t, . :i.-,. ;; .,1 f . , r -1 Idling 



Grapes, l-,- ■ ■ . i ■ ' '■■..■■■.■■., y.^. 



rate ba-k' . ' ' • m 5- 



pound lia~. i .:,.:..! ,, ,1 • . . r- : • I livim 

 VA cts. pir 11,. U, :, cl-,, :■ •: ': ' ' r ,i , :,, s. 



Sometimes as high as. ion i . : \ imd 



very late shipments or wi ' > i , i i-, i-< 



seldom. Di.stilleriespay t'n i : i i ■ r ; . and 



delivered, or gather and iKii ■ ' ■' : 1. Ii Mulyl 



ton per acre of Grapes is tin i . irtuni (and 



also the net return) per ar I , .. I'l-om $10 to 



$13. This is more thanc.itt , .s. With two 



tons per acre of Grapes, wli Mil i na :., rnious yield, 



the return would be $30 per aiTo deiivend at the still. 

 To those who have no scruples in regard to so disposing 

 of their crop, this is probably the most profitable method. 

 There are local stills in almost every county. 



"There is not much encouragement now for Grape rais- 

 ing' in Uenrtria, and vineyards are annually being de- 

 stiMvi il liy hundreds of acres. Some planting, however, 

 is si ill piin^' on in southern Georgia, in the "wire 

 grass" eiiuntry, where the industry is still found profit- 

 able liy reason of the fact that the northern market may 

 be entered ahead of competition, and also that insects 

 and fungous pests have not yet put in an appearance in 

 that region." See Georijia. 



Planting, Training, i/ . I" ■ :;i ef the true 

 southern Grapes, such as II -l tlie Post-oak 



Grape hybrids, are planted I i : : 1 1. inrowsOft. 



apart, while such northern vni le j in- planted are 

 sot 8 feet apart in row. The .Mii-ra.ini. -. snch as Scup- 

 pernong, are mostly grown iiinii ail". is al.out 7 feet 

 high and rarely or never ynnn. ,1, al^ll..ll^'ll trained on 

 trellis, as are other Grapes, ami. i.nuii d early in fall, 

 after leaf-frdl. s.vc..,.,] ..y. . M, ntly. The culture is 



mostly will I'll! , 1 M 1 I r-t away and then to the 



rows, 1 1 . d I iM\v not reached by the 



plow. Til. II : II i is the 3-wire trellis; 



first win- at Is t-.Jl ill ■!,. s ii..m the ground, and the 

 others successively 1 foot apart, above the first. Tho 

 training is generally an indifferent attempt at the Knif- 

 fin system, and no system is generally carried out. 

 Some pineh back the "leading shoots once, few twice. 

 Some n I .;. !. j... is and spur-prune. A few have 

 made tie M , . ;.y trough trellis of 3 wires, and 



Fumii.i : , II d I siicepssfullv bv some. Others 

 plant.. Ill, . I I ; , \-..,-t..n Viri'i..i.i. ^I Earlv, 



Perkin-, :.■.■. ■ ■ .■ .■ - 'i.-- n-i -'idL.-t ... r..t and 



thereby', l.;.. - . ..i i' . .'m ■ ., : d i. ■, nn.l fret 



it should be, as such Grapes in the market have the 

 effect to depress prices on all kinds of Grapes, as any 

 grower knows. In the moister parts of the South, black 



vineyai.l.s. .s..ii..; ,i^.- l..iriiyar.l i,..iHui.. lint the more 

 intelligent use cotton seed or cottou-.seed meal in con- 

 nection with ground bone, kainit and soluble phos' 



