678 



GUAPE 



The training of tlie vinifera firape is rery unlike tliat 

 of the native Grapes. The stocks are kept to low. strong 

 stumps, and the bearing shoots are not trained or are 

 tied to stakes. Trellises are not used. Pig. 974 shows 

 3 epochs in the common style of pruning, the right-hand 

 figure representing the malure vine. 



Though hun.lr. ris .,£ variiti. ^ of vinifera have been 

 introduced fri>iii I;iiim|h- ;mi'1 A^ia diniiif; the last half 

 century, only a fi \\" lia\ c ^nr\"i\ i-l .-uliural and < 



IIS the prevail- 

 lulria, and the 

 iih the Sultana 

 >ins: for table 

 Flame Tokay, 



cial tests and ar'- ii"W [.lantcd. 



Muscatel Gordo Blauc" a 1 . i- ^ 

 and Thompson Seedlis- < 

 Grapes, in addition to il : i 

 Emperor, Cornichon, Ida. I. > 

 Black Hamburg, Chassilas ya 

 chiefly grown, though, of course 

 vails for local uses. In wine Gr; 

 larger list to meet local requirtu 

 and toiii'Mlu.'.- tl.e various kiii.i' 



Acer].!,.!.:,. ., a]-i,.|i... f..l-.ll-v \v 

 Eed (<•■,.,,• , . ,,-• ;;.., ,.,,,,,;.,, -Zii 



Thompsou Seedless. 



Varieties for sweet wines are : 



Ports.— Mission, ]M;ilvoisie. rjrennchc, Trousseau. 



Sherrv and il/m/.a/,/ -Mission. Palomino. West VtTiite Pro- 

 lific, Verdelho, I'. . .li II. .<ou Seedless. 



Angelica, jV..,, ...liia, Muscatella, 



Purmint (Toka;, 



In regions o. : ... ,ii of California, 



vinifera variet I.-- ...■■ .. - .....I. l . ..,■. n. an.l lor'atinns 

 meeting their )a-.(Uii . oi.o: ^ ma-i 1... sol...-t.-i! wiili ntucli 

 care and circuiiis|.oeti..ii. 'I'h.. iiu.iil..'r ..f v.n-ioii.s i^ 

 much smaller lli.oi in ( :i!il'..raLia. a- llii.r.- i> ii.. |.|...lii.l 



of IP 



i or r 



almost wholiy o .. 



the shorter pr...i ' i. 



hand, the Alio ■ 

 Concord, Del.awaiT, .M,,.,i-,. I i.o 

 ara aud Wordeu being most i:i\ 



Grapes Under Glass. -Under 



rieties alone are used. Tliis s 

 the vine of the an. i. .,.,. :. ..! i 

 salubrious pans ., , . . \ 

 It is referred t.. i i . i 



ancient Egypt ai,.i 1 1 . i,.-.- ..■. ;. 

 tably in the Bil.le ajol il,,: .No,. 

 of the spies from tlu; 

 illustration, has exci 

 questioned the oredul 

 however, to state tlial 

 resented has Iteou a 

 The type Viti.s miii, 

 become so mcro. .1 an 

 ent climates an. I ...ni 

 at the pivo,,. .: , 



and thr. ...■ i ■ 



For.l.-,.: ... -.,. 



inth, fioiu wl.iei, ilo- Z.o,(, .. : .... I iTp-red, and 



the giaut Gros Colman, i...v/ o ,i. : . . .. ^'-.r com- 



mercial purposes under oiass in I .. . .' .' f.reon- 



trastincolor wehave the l.oaoiii 1. . ^ , . . !,as and 

 the pink aud white Fronti^rii,.:. - . -: Mn ..-, with 

 their superb qualities and flav... i. in. 



of the blue-black Alicante of tl ; '• o ,. .! r 



texture, but valuable for its hit. . .1 



worth more than all the others i.ni i.;;. ih. i, w lia\.. 

 the Black Hamburg, combining all tlie good ([ualities, 

 and easy of culture. 



Probably in no branch of horticulture is the garden- 

 ers' skill more generously rewarded than in Grape- 

 growing under glass. In England it has been an essen- 

 tial feature of horticultural work for more than a cen- 

 tury, resulting in fruit of a finer quality and flavor than 

 that grown in the open air, and very often 



^ ..;• : iiingsof 



.11. '..'I ; ■ . .IDIOMS, no- 



■d laud, with its geucrous 

 admiration and perhaps 



my of us. It is only fair, 

 of the cluster there rep- 



III. ..lit in recent years. 



. I.. o\. I- was a type, has 

 .1 \.\ . nliiv.ation in differ- 



:■ P.lack Cor 



GRAPE 



clusters, weighing from 20 to 30 pounds. Started there 

 as a matter of luxury, it has become of late years a 

 matter of profit, and vineries of large extent have been 

 erected for commercial pui-poses. Probably this work 

 has been retarded here by the introduction of the many 

 very excellent varieties of our native Grapes, so easily 

 grown in the open ai. an." .. . nstantly improved by 

 hybridizing with il.. I' . , and undoubtedly this 



work will yet res II I . I .ser approach to the 



standard of Europ. ,... , , 



T'lo essential diiKian.. Ix i v. , e li American and Euro- 

 I'eiin 1 in.;. I, ihat in the American the pulp separates 

 li i usually tough and more or less acid, so 



tl.^ I I .■ able to remove the seeds, while in the 



i:ui..i .■! In pulp adheres to the skin, is tender and 

 sweet throughout, and the seeds are easily removed. 

 European Grapes, when well grown, are valuable and 

 agreeable for the use of invalids, and, undoubtedly, in 

 the judgment of the majority of people, surpass in 

 quality any other fruit grown. 



The subject of Grape cultivation under glass may be 

 divided under several heads, as follows : The nouses; 

 The Border; The Viiirs ; Tlie Fruit. 



Tlie Rouses. -Til. . ai. , ...inly of two forms, span- 

 roof and lean-to, wr' . . I . n.diflcations between. 

 Unless one has am; . ,. .1. -sire to .study their 

 construction, it is I., i;. . i . n, ,,, plans and estimates 

 furnished by protVs.-a.i.al l,,i;:.:i rs. 



Span-roof houses are adapted to large places with 

 spacious grounds, and particularly when an 

 effect is desired. On account of'thcir exposur 

 sides, they require very careful attentiou, e.spe 

 used for e.wly forcing of Grapes. \\ ;.. i. n . , 

 not desired, or for use without artiii. ' '■ ■ 

 advantage is not so aiiparent. Hon-, 

 heat, known as cold graperies, were ii . n In . 

 nion- u'eueral use than those with beat, hut hai 

 di,a|.i.eared with the introduction of the modern eco- 

 II ...I ad beating apparatus, and the very great ad 

 \aiitai,',. in the use of 'the same, if only "to a limited 



Lean-to houses, on account of their snug construction 

 and protection from northerly or prevaihng winds, are 

 especially desirable for earlv forcing of drapes (Figs 

 975, 97G). Often a stable or other bui] lin^ i ,n be 

 utilized for the norili i.:...i.ni -. n. i.ilh i i in k 



covered on the out - 1 i i 



Crimson R.ambler r. ; : . , . .. , a l..i i 1 1 ,r 



namental effect. .V ■: i li.n . . ..n a small sl de c in be 



made of hotbed sash i li-. ;m. .. 



Foundations for il... . 

 span-roof vinery ean 1.. 

 sonry or wood. Masoiu 

 the conditions of requisite heat and 

 moisture are very destructiv 

 work, especially near the ground. 

 With masonry, piers are 

 erected, starting from solid 

 ground and up to 

 the surface. They 

 should be about a 

 feet in length, 

 with space 



