746 



HICKORY -NUT 



Learning.— Mo. A large nut of fine flavor and excellent crack- 

 ing quality, the kernel coming out in unbroken halves. 



Meriden.—Cnna. Large, oblong, compressed: kernel l.irge 

 and of good Quality: shell rather thick, but cracks well. Fig. 

 1039. 



Milford.—'iltisa. A compressed ovate nut, medium to large 

 in size, with large, plump kernel of excellent Quality: cracks 

 well: one of the best nuts yet brought to notice. Fig. 1059. 



1060. Foliage and pistillate flowers of Hicoria Pecan. 



iSice.— Ohio. Angitlar, ovate, medium to large in size: kernel 

 plump, bright and of line quality: shell thin andof good crack* 

 ing quality: tree regularly productive. 



Woodboume.—PA. Long, compressed ovate, large and smooth : 

 kernel tender and of very high quality: shell rather thick, but 

 cracks well. 



PlONT-T; *^>f tl)-^ .^nm.'wbnt Tinmr.rnii* iweet-flavored forms 

 found in tlii-^ ^pr-M . i h.' i.,! m-,\ i o- i.u,' :,' l<:isi tias been deemed 

 worthy ni I Mil. : .1. ll.-ivor, thin shell 



Srark-,11 -l:>'.\.< .; - in i smooth and of gray- 

 ish oolov. nie.lium l,. I:u;;i- m .,...i . ki iml i,lump. sweet and of 

 delicote flavor: shell very lliin, ;iiia iMsil.v freed from the kernel. 

 Wm. a. Taylok. 



HICOBIA (from its aboriginal name) Syn., C&rya. 

 J'uflhuiddcete. HiOKORT. Har<y ornamental trees, with 

 rather large, deciduous odd-pinnate Ivs., .small green 

 ish fls., the staminate ones in conspicuous pendulous 

 racemes, and with rather large, green, dehiscent fruits 



HICORIA 



enclosing a mostly edible nut. The Hickories are 

 among the most beautiful and most useful trees of the 

 American forest, and are all very ornamental park trees, 

 with a straight, sometimes high and slender trunk and 

 a large, graceful, pyramidal or oblong head of generally 

 light green foliage, turning from yellow to orange or 

 orange-brown in fall. They are hardy North except H. 

 Pecan, aipiatica and vujristicieformis, but U. I'tcan 

 thrives rarely in Massachusetts in sheltered positions. 

 Most of the species have heavy, hard, strong and tuugh 

 wood, much valued for many purposes, especially for 

 handles of tools, manufacture of carriages and wagons, 

 also for making baskets and for fuel. The nuts of some 

 species, as H. Peean and B. oividi, also H. laciiiiata and 

 some varieties of JT. glabra and H. allia are edible, and 

 are sold in large quantities, mostly gathered from the 

 woods, though in later years orchards of improved va- 

 have been planted. A large number of insects 

 prey upon the Hickory, attacking the wood, foliage and 

 fr., for which see the Fifth Ann. Rep. of the U. S. 

 Entom. Com., p. 285-329. There are also some fungi, 

 mes an early defoliation of the trees. 

 The Hickories generally grow best in rich, moist soil, 

 but some, especially ZT. glabra, H. alba and M. 

 ita, grow equally well in drier localities. They are 

 rather slow growth, and ditficult to transplant if taken 

 from the woods; therefore the seeds are often planted 

 where the trees are to stand, but if grown in the nur- 

 sery and transplanted several times when 

 young, trees 6-10 ft. high may be transplanted 

 successfully. Prop, usually by seeds stratified 

 and sown in spring in rows about 3 in. deep; 

 ^ named varieties may be grafted in spring in 



^^^ the greenhouse, on potted stock of U. minima, 



which seems to be the best species for this pur- 

 pose, veneer- or splice-grafting being usually 

 employed ; sometimes also increased by root- 

 sprouts. For futher horticultural advice, see Hickory- 

 MH^and Pecan. 



Theie are about 10 species of Hickory, all in E. N. 



Ametica from Canada to Mexico. Branches with solid 



"iSS'sp' pith Ivs, alternate, without stipules, with 3-17 serrate 



^^^ Ifts tls. monoecious, apetalous, appearing with the Ivs.; 



S' staramatetls. in axillary, slender,pendulous catkins, each 



-^ fl \Mth 3-10 stamens, borne in the axil of a 3-lobed 



bract, pistillate fls. in a terminal, 2-10-fld. cluster or 



'■ spike, consisting of a 1-celled ovary enclosed by a 4- 



y ' lobed involucre: fr. globular to oblong, with a husk 



separating into 4 valves and a bony nut, incompletely 



2-4 celled. See also Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 7, p.28- 



42, pi 1-23, and Rep, of U. S. Dept. of Agric. Div. 



of Pomol. Nut-Culture (1890), cited below as U.S.N.C. 



(the first number referring to the plate, the second and 



third to the figure). 



A. Scales of buds valvafe,4-6: fr. with winged sutures; 

 nut usually thin-shelled: Ifts. 7-lS, usually falcate. 

 B. Nut mostly elongated, almost terete: husk thin, 



splitting to the base : kernel sweet. 

 Fec&n, Britt. {Cdrya olivafirmis, Nutt.). Pecan. 

 Fig. 1060. Tall tree, to 170 ft., with the branches pubes- 

 cent when young ; bark deeply 

 furrowed, grayish brown: Ifts. 

 11-17, short - stalked, oblong- 

 lanceolate, acuminate, serrate 

 or doubly serrate, 

 and glandular when young, ii 

 lly glabrous at length, 4-7 



Pignut 



long: staminate catkins 

 sessile: fr. 3-10 in cluster 

 spikes, oblong, l}^-3^ in. I. 

 nut ovoid or oblong, smo 

 brown. Irregularly marked ' 

 dark brown, 2-celled at 

 base; kernel sweet. Prom I 

 and Ind. south to Alab. and 

 Tex.; also in Mexico. S.S. 7: v,t„i"il size 



338-39. A.G. 12:273-75. U.S. ' ' ' 



N.C. 1,8, 9. — This species is the most important as a 

 fruit tree, ani many named varieties are cultivated in 

 the southern states, but it is tender North, The wood 

 is less valuable than that of the other species. Hy- 

 brids of this species are known with II. minima, alba 



