760 



HORTICULTURE 



early -works need not be mentioned here. As early as 

 1785, Varlo's "New System of Husbandry" was printed 

 in Philadelphia. It is in many ways a remarkable book, 

 and it was written by a man who had had remarkable 

 experiences. He was not an American, and the work 

 first appeared in the old country; but Varlo had lived 

 in this country, and was in sj-mpathy with the American 

 people. The book contained a "Farmer's and Kitchen 

 Garden Calendar." In 1792 there appeared anonymously, 

 from Burlington, New Jersey, the third edition of Ar- 

 thur Young's "Rural Economy," which excellently dis- 

 plays that noted author's catholicity of view. He ar- 

 gues strongly for experiments and for the establishing 

 of agricultural journals. This book first appeared in 

 London, in 1770. 



At the opening of the century, Sir Humphry Davy 

 had not illumined the science of agricultural chemistry, 

 and men were even disputing as to what the food of 

 plants is. The " burn-baking " or "devonshiring"of the 

 land— burning the sod and scattering the ashes over the 

 field— was still recommended ; and in 1799 James An- 

 derson's " Essay on Quick-lime as a Cement and as a 

 Manure," was given an American edition in Boston. It 

 is easy to see from these facts that the fundamental 

 conceptions of the science of agriculture were vague and 

 crude a century ago. Near the close of the last century, 

 Deane wrote that "the alarming effect of the present low 

 state of husbandry is, that we are necessitated to im- 

 port much of our food and clothing, while we are in- 

 capable of making proportionable remittances m the 

 produce of the soil, or in anything else." 



The earliest book on a horticultural subject known to 

 have been published in North America, excepting Mrs. 

 Logan's, was an American edition of Marshall's "Intro- 

 duction to the Knowledge and Practice of Gardening," 

 Boston, 1799. The first indigenous horticultural book 

 ^appeared in 1804, "The American Gardener," by John 

 Gardiner and David Hepburn. It was published at 

 Washington. This book had an extensive sale. It was 

 revised by "a citizen of Virginia," ami republished in 

 Georgetown, n. ('.. ill isis. A i1iir>l .•ilii;..ii :i|i|ii'ared in 



1826. (See//./.'."-",! 'I'lii- I ' ' "•• - ! in !S06 by 



_Bernard M'Jhil '^ r\rrll,iii -.,,. , ■ . , • - 'Ameri- 



~can Gardener's < 'ill. 11. hir," 111 I'l,,, i..:. Ilii-iwork 



enjoyed much ]..iimhirity, ami ili^ . 1. \ .ii;li . .liiion ap- 

 peared as late as ]8.")7. Fur tifty yi-ars it rumained the 

 best American work on general gardening. M'Mahon 

 remembered in the Mahonia barberies, was an important 

 personage. He was largely responsible for the intro- 

 duction into cultivation of the plants collected by Lewis 

 and Clark. These early books were calendars, giving 

 advice for the successive months. They were made on 

 the plan then [...jiular in Enjrland, a plan which has such 

 notcw.iiili.- iinrc.l.iii ii- i!m' . \.i Il.'iit "Kalendarium 

 Hort. I ' ■' : ' I ' ., i ', • 1 a|ipeared in 1664, 



editi-i, . ; • , '^ ,;....,... I ■ I 

 '"Gani' :■ ■ 1 • •: : ■ : ■ "I 



Soulli I iii-..Iiii:i.:iimI L. ■ . r- i.i , - 1 I i :. I't. M 



The lirst in.iiy.'ii.ius book wrilt.-n on 

 treating subject liy subject, was Coxe's 

 the second appears to have been Gobi 

 G.ard.-ii.i-," pul.lislifa at New York in 



This'\v'-' . •, .■..■.■ . ' : :'.. -.- I • 



n.l which decidud 

 encc he had come, 

 be again took \i\ 



■ early books of 

 .'tical American 

 lorbum's "Gen- 

 • York, the third 

 iobert Squibb's 

 Xorth-Carolina, 

 n, 1827. 



HORTICULTURE 



Prout on that piece of ground now occu- 

 vy yard, at the city of ■Washington." He 

 life in England, becoming a voluminous 

 litical and economical subjects. (See Vob- 

 1 resting to note, in connection with this 

 urnips, that the kohlrabi was intro- 

 !ime time, and Deane savs of it in 



which has but newiy 

 .< hardy enough to bear 

 ^(.- is yet to be proved." 

 u as a biennial, which 



wmters. 



Fessenden's "New American Gardener," made upon 

 the topical plan, appeared in Boston in 1828, and went to 

 various editions ; and from this time on, gardening 



books were f requi-ni . s. 

 are Thomas Bri.l-. inin 

 of Philadelphia, ami .1- 

 Flower-Books am. r 

 can book devoted wholly 

 Green's " Treatise on the 

 1828. Edward Sayers y 

 Garden Companion," in 

 18(;i) there appeared mar 



■ leading early authors 

 York ; Robert Buist, 

 k, of Boston. 



popula 



cut. 



■s il.srrv. s a paragraph, since 

 e what were the leading orna- 

 ly day (1828). The full title of 

 1 the Cultivation of Ornamental 

 marks on tin- Herpiisite Soil, 



. iiiiials aiul the otherof greenhou.ie plants. 

 iii-f interesting, also, for what they do not < 

 ilm plants which they mention are here set 



AXNUAL AUn 



Althte.T fnitex. 

 Almond, Double-flowering, 

 Amaranthtis superbus, 

 Amarauthus tricolor, 

 Animated Oats, 



Auricula, 

 Azalea nudiflor.^, 



SNUL FLOWEKS. 



Cherry, Double-flowering, 

 Chrysanthemum Indicum, 

 Clematis, Austrian (C. in- 



tegrifolia), 

 Clethra, 

 Cohirabine, 

 Convolvulus, 

 Corchorus Japonicus, 

 Crocus, 

 Cupid's Car, or JInuk's Hood 



(Aconitum), 

 Dahlia. 



