HORTICULTURE 



other. Some of the later books have in 

 the right jn.int of vii-w. 



HORTICULTURE 763 



lire nearly caught chief and proper end of the apple. Of his thirty chap- 



irirar' ::i:([" 1 '- i^ published in 



Wasliin- : 1- '■ ■'' '■■ ' !!nm,"A Memoir 



on th. t • ■ i -i." This went 



toa s, - --■- .-. .1 :iiid Plate II). 



Before iliiB luue iloiun, t>. W. .L.liu.i.u had devoted 

 much space to tho grape in his " Rural Economy," pub- 

 lished at New Brunswick, N. J., and he published the 

 first pictures of grape training (Fig. 1085). Adlum's 

 book was followed in 1826 by the 

 "American Vine Dresser's Guide," 

 by the unprophetic Dufour. This 

 woi-k also gave pictures of grape 

 training, one of which is reproduced 

 in Fig. 108G. The larger part of the 

 grape literature appeared before 

 the close of the Civil War, although 

 the larger part of the development 

 of the subject has taken place since 

 that time. 



General Remarks on Fruit- 

 Growinc,. -Horticulture, in its 

 commcr'-i-il n-iH.-t-j. v-i-j ivtliiiig 



farm m . 

 the c li- 

 the pri~' 

 cultivatif 



fruit- gro' 

 cider, or 42 pages ■ 

 tie devoted to hni 

 more letters of hi- 

 is mostly a vehenn 

 he says, "would b 

 pelling foreign lii 

 use of ardent spirits, 

 pi 



(1817) devotes 



lud of life, by expelling the 



Virginia, in Taylor's day, ap- 



were "the only species of orchards, at a distance 



of 



has come to assume any general im- 

 portance in the rural ecoiumiy of 

 the nation. And even now, horti- 

 cultural operations which are pro- 

 jected as a fundamental conception 

 of land occupation are confined to 

 few parts of the country. It is still 

 the original or first cniir'r'ptifm of 

 the farmer's boy. ^\)i-ii !ir j.ro- 

 poses to occupy I:mi.1 i.f lii^ 'iwn. 

 that he raise grain :iimI li:iy and 

 stock, and add the fruits and otlirr 

 horticultural crops by ]>iecenieal. 

 It is only in particular parts of the 

 country that the farmer starts out 

 with Horticulture as a base, and 

 with grain and stock and hay as 

 accessories ; and even in these 

 places, the best horticulturists are 

 still drawing tlieir practices and 

 the rfri--"r,= f.^r tli. in fr,.r,-, tho 



ity, at Ita.-i lu ;1.L- u.jii;i, jn 

 a hundred years ago. and that w 

 the apple. Pears, peaches, ch< 

 ries, quinces and some other fru; 

 were common, but there was liti 

 thought of marketing them. Ev 

 the apple was generally an ae 

 dental crop. Little care was giv 

 the trees, and the variet 

 few, and they were rarely selected 

 with reference to particular uses, beyond their adapta- 

 bility to cider and the home consumption. 



Tliacher, writing from Plymouth in 1821. says that 

 "the most palpable neglect prevails in rov|„..-t of |.roiMT 

 pruning, cleaning, and raanurinij m.nimI iK.. i,m.i~ ,,( 

 trees, and of perpetuating choi<r i ■ . , 



from it on other stocks. Old orri; . i i 



from cities, capable of producing sufficient profit and 

 comfort to become a considerable object to a farmer. 

 Distilling from fruit is prpcarions. troublesome, trifling 



valua 

 of cat 

 pillar 

 of no 



iage annoyed by cater- 

 ■i-ts. In fact, we know 

 unaccountably and so 

 : not for the date of 

 istake this picture for 



culpably disregarded.' W iTe 

 Thacher's writing, we should 

 one drawn at the present day. 



If one may judge from the frequent and particular 

 references to cider in the old accounts, it does not seem 

 too much to say that this sprightly commodity was held 

 in greater estimation by our ancestors than by our- 

 selves. In fact, the cider barrel seems to have been the 



ginia by one pers.oi, l;i. 

 writes of a small town i 

 forty families, wbicli ma. I 

 in the year 1721; an<l anoi 

 families, which su|ii.iicd i 

 Barrels." Bartrani's < i.lc 

 ent day, is shown in I'ig 

 into the present century 

 caped the European notioi 

 There are evidences tl 

 marked alternations ut fi 



