766 



HORTICULTURE 



was first brought to the attention of the public in 187'). 

 The following year the Lucretia, the most popular of 

 dewberries, was introduced into Ohio from West Vir- 

 ginia, where it had been found wild some years before 

 by a Union soldier. 



Tho hi-tr,ry nf tho trooseberry in Amr-ri.vi rrmi; ■ *h:;t 



of tin' -r.iiic. It iv ,1 .-iKiracteristic fruit ..t i ■ '■'<.'' I 



the In.v rM,ii,i,-i,.,, and it was early inn 



AnK/riiM. Iiiii. Ukr ilic European grape--, i-' - • ' - i 



ries wt-rc iitLai'ktd Ij}' u. fungous sicliness \\'liicli r- ii'l^ n i 



their cultivation precarious. An improved form of the 

 native species must be introduced, and this was accom- 

 plished by Abel Houghton, of Massachusetts, who, from 

 the seed of the wild berry, produced the variety which 

 now bears his name. This variety began to attract some 

 attention a little prr-Timis to ISnn. altliouKh it was not 

 plantpil frrflymitil .■-,-. I -. :ir-- Inti r ■ I'ii' inofi). From 



seed "f III'' II ':! ■ I ' ■ -till the 



most ]in|iul:M- ;: !. I , . , . ,:!,■:..,,. I Idightou 



is still nn.rli -■• . . u : ..,,, T: ; , '..I , ,.ui' , ;Mld OUr 



gOOSL'ljrl-l-y eul'.uri i . il . :, !..;. .. ,, . , ,-s fnilll 



nature. With fhf:idvi-iii lil iIm I;.. : , i ■ ,:, ;iij,l it-; 

 related specifics, howcvi r, tli. I . ,, . i,, m, s an- 



again coming to the fori-. IIvI-m: I i-Ii ami 



American types, as in the- Ti-iuiniiii .-i- i -liiiiiiiia ami the 

 Chautauqua, may be expected to bcc-iuiie more popular 

 for home use and special markets, but the Americans 

 will probably remain in favor for general market pur- 

 poses. 



The cranberry, mn^f nni. 111.-- .--f Aiii.-ri.-aii liorti.-iiUui-al 

 products, was tiV-t .-ii'ii .- I, ..r r. .■■:..! Ir. .m iiH-r. ..vii.l 

 bogs, about IMH. ll-.i,:, , .u, ;., atn-a.-l all. n 



tion about 184(i. alili.iUL h ; I., .mi;. ,;;:.. ,-.iiiiii.,-i(.(l -,\ iih 

 the growing of ;i nuw i r.,|. uul mil la-yui tu L-k-ar away 



HORTICULTURE 



until about 1850. Cape Cod was the first cranberry-grow- 

 ing region, which was soon followed by New Jersey, and 

 later by Wisconsin and other regions. The varieties now 

 known are over a hundred, and the annual product from 

 tame bogs in the United States is nearly 800,000 bushels. 

 The XnRSERT and Seed BrsrNESs. — It is impossible 

 to fix a date for the beginning of the nursery business 

 in America. Trees were at first grown in small quanti- 

 ties as u mere ad.iunct to general farm operations. 

 li- 11 rm-r .1 .tin Emlir.itl.of the Massachusetts Colony, 



I ;I - I'l -t fruit growers of his time, and he 



-< I- I .' . in li;H. he wrote to John Winthrop 



-M . i-liil'lri-n burnt mee at least 500 trees 



III.-, .^i-iiii^ ij.. .-M iiiiin the ground on fire neere them ;" 

 and ill 1U4S he traded 500 apple trees, 3 years old, for 

 250 acres of land. The first nursery in Maine is thought 

 by Manning to have been that of Ephraim Goodale, at 

 (Irriiifrtoii, est.ililislicd early in the present century. 

 I I'll. ! . aril 11-11 -I I III. 11 <if Maine were the brothers 

 I 1 Vaughan, Englishmen, who 



- : ■ I ■ iT'ii;. The first nursery in South 



< .ii--iiii:i I'll- . -lai !i ImiI by Jolin Watson, formerly 



Massachusetts, there wo 

 towards the close of last ( 

 Kenrick, of Newtown, v 



bef.i 



lowed to grow to tin/ lii-iKbt of 5 or feet licfore tliey are 

 budded or grafted." Stocks were sometimes grafted at 

 the crown, and even root-grafting was known, although 

 it is generally said that this operatimi originated witli 

 Tim,,, as An.h-ew Knight, in 1811. I> i i i -! :M. . Imw- 

 ev.-r, ihai till- mot-graftingof last c-i 11 - " jial't- 



iiii;- lit till- Mi,-face of the ground, ami ill iillle 



siiiiilai-ity I.I the method now in vi'fjm i iln m-w 



t,-i-i-.- a huiidn-d years ago was the Loinl.a, .i., i...i.lai. .Iidjn 

 K.-,i,-iik hud two acres devoted to it in ITsiT; aud Deane 

 in 1797, that "the Lorabardy popla 



in this country. To 

 durable they will be in 1 

 ." Ill- does not mention 



size thcv will arrive, 

 e will 



Aim i-ii-a li\ William Hamilton, of I'l . I7.s4, 



altlii.iiL-li .Mr. Meel, an writes that In r i. ,- t,-ef-s 



tifiy \.ar ;,;.. iliai v, emed to 111- a century old. 

 Maiiiiiir. - 1 . t vale of uur.sery stock in 17!l!l, 



sImiMiiL I , , - , ... i,t fruit trees was 33"^ cents 

 t-m-Ii. \\ .1 I II la 11. I, 1-lieaper money and with much 

 1-' It 1 i' , v., ,i,,w buy for one-third this price. 

 I'- -I III ,-aisiug apple trees as follows: "The 



I I 111- them is by sowing the pomace from 



. -i-^ii,g, or hoeing it into the earth in :ui- 

 iiiii.ii. III. . -.ung plants will be tip in tlie fnllnwing 



planted from the seed bed into tin- ni,,-i-,y, i,, i-ews 

 from 2 to 3 feet apart and 1 foot in tin r.iw-. wln-ii- the 

 ground has been fitted to ri-eeivi- llnni.' Niitlii,,f; is 

 said about grafting the ti'i-e- in iln nm . r. . 



But the first independi-,11 i , New World, 



the 



the t(- 



seems to have been that i-'iiiiii- m \\ illian. Prince 



at Flushing, Long Islainl, ami «lii.-li «as continued 

 under foftr generations of the same family. The foun- 

 der was William Prince. The second Prince was also 

 William, the son, and author of the first professed 

 American treatise upon Horticulture, 1828. The third 

 generation was William Robert Prince. He was the 

 author of "A Treatise on the Vine" (1830), "The Pomo- 

 logical Manual" (1831), and "Manual of Roses" (1840). 

 In the first two he was aided bv bis father, the sec- 



