rc8 



HORTICULTURE 



that "one-third of the front side of the roof, for the 

 whole length of the house, be formed of glass-work," 

 and in order that the tall, perpendicular sides of the 

 house should have as "much glass as possible," he said 

 that "the piers between the sashes are commonly made 

 of good timber, from G to 8 or 10 inches thick, according 



the eirly plant houses had removeable tops, made of 

 sash On the change from the old to the new ideas, 

 Alfred Henderson wiites as follows "The first pub 

 hshed idvocic-v of the h\td rnof s'\ stem wis made by 

 Ml Pftei B IMc id m tlie 'Nc^ "Voik Horticulturist,' 

 in lh")7 Bi tiiK til It dl kH ' idicnise strut tuies for com 



table 



nodeled 



HORTICULTURE 



glasshouse, amateur flower and vegetable growing has 

 acciuired a new impetus, and the business of the retail 

 florist has grown amazingly in the recent years. 



Some idea of the increase of the demand for plants 

 may be obtained from the sale of flower pots. A. H. 

 Hews, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, whose ancestors 

 began the manufacture of pots before 176.5, reports that 

 for a period of twenty-two years, from 1788 to I8I0 the 

 accounts of the sales of pots "cover about as many pages 

 as we now often use in one day; and the amount in 

 dollars and cents does not compare with single sales of 

 the year 1894." He also compared the sales for 1869 and 

 1894 and "found the increase as ten to one; or, in round 

 numbers, 700,000 flower pots in the former year and 

 7,000,000 in the latter; and if the same factory can in 

 1920, twenty-five years later, produce and sell 70,000,- 

 000, we shall verily be living in a land of flowers." 



One of the earliest greenhouse builders was Frederic 

 A. Lord, who built his first houses, according to Taft, 

 in Buffalo in 1855, and who, in 1872, entered into part- 

 nership with W. A. Bumham, at Irvington, on the Hud- 

 son. In very recent years a new impetus has lieen given 

 to glasshouse building and work by the establishment of 

 the agricultural experiment stations and the extension 

 of horticultural teaching in the colleges. 



HoRTiccLTUBE IN CALIFORNIA. —California Horticul- 

 ture is in the main patterned after the South-European 

 types, and to this extent it originated from ispanish- 

 Mexican sources The Horticulture of California's high 

 mountain valleys approximates more closely to that of 

 colder regions while the Horticultuie of the Pacific 

 slope, north of Califoinia, becomes more and moie dif 

 ferent from the South European types, but still has 

 many chaiacteristics of its own separating it sharply 

 from that of the Atlantic slope The first horticultural 

 I xpi iiiiii lit- m talifoinia v.ere at the missions of the 

 I iiiii ill I i| 1 or LowerCalifornia),where 22 missions 



I 1 tween 1697 and 1797 Here the Mission 



II I d the date palm, also oianges lemons, 

 MM ,111 i| 1 ll s, bananas nlnis fl^s pomegranates, 



]ii H hi s i|uiiiMs, plum- 1,1 I i- ind grapes 

 Ihey shipped to MonI i ' iilnrn missions 



large quantities of drill 1 i - ind peaches 



The Upper Calitornia im i i 1 seeds, cions, 



etc , from those of Lowci L ilil mii i- well as from 

 Mexico The first of these missiuus nas established in 

 1769 at San Diego by the Franciscans, under the leader- 

 ship of Father Junipero beira whose name \isitors to 



of the incul i i i I - uf the housi n m n 



huh, for th I II 111 neiT the middli 



centuiy Ml i i iiiii the eiily ^UssIh i 



ll \ llii I other building- m i in 

 pcil into I sti-ucture in which jilint- 

 were grown for commercial purposes 



The modern commercial foicing house, with direi t 

 roof low sides, and heated b\ sti un oi hot i\ ati r iii 

 closed circuits, IS mostly a dc-v 1 in nl lit 'i lilnii 

 ■years Its forerunner was lli ' 



nurseryman If anything is 1 



a simple 1 oof, the loss IS mill 1 in, i 



lighter tianiework and lait,ii ^,1 1 lu iln 1 i i „ 



house, all aichitectural ambition is sxerihced to the oue 

 desire to create a commercial garden m the frosty 

 months. 



Lettuce, cucumbers, tomatoes, carnations, violets, 

 and various other plants are now grown as crops under 

 glass roofs, whilst a generation ago they were generally 

 Dot forced at all for market or were grown mostly under 

 frames. With the simplifying and cheapening of the 



the California si ,t, I uillin^ it the 'Worlds Fair -will 

 recall in connii 1 lull with iln ^n.it date palm from the 

 Mission Valley i.f Sim Dii-e'". This palm was raised 

 from seed which .Tunipero Serra planted about 1770. 

 Twenty-one missions were founded by the Franciscans, 

 the last one in 1823, and at all but one or two of them 

 there were important collections of the fruits of south- 



