obtnsely pointed 

 pedunded red Ti 

 allied to I dw iilu 



1 1 I r s growth 



liri 1 I in.ll ) t.Mi,it-.-ii -.linil.c.i tin t. 4" tt Its oblong 

 or elliptic icute pointed quite entire ti sm ill red m pe 

 dunded clusters Jipm P P G 1 p 4i t, C 1- .n 'll P b 7 

 p 21b — 1 ntgosa ]? Ischmidt E\ergieen Ion spmdmj shrub 

 sometimes prostrite glabrous hs oblong 1 nueolate to Im 

 ceoUte remoteb erenite serrate rugose ilio%e 'i-2. va long 

 fr usuillv solitii\ scarlet Japan Saechalin— 7 triflvia 

 Brindetee E\ei„reen tree to 40 tt mtli spreading pubescent 

 branches l\s elliptu lanceolate remotely serrate or almost 

 entiie pubescent 2-3', in long fls D merous Cahf G F 7 416 

 (by error named I Califomica) ALFRED RehdER 



ILLtCIUMl Latin ioraUuremevt: probablyin reference 

 to the agreeable odor ) . MngnoliAcea:. A half dozen spe- 

 cies in Japan, China, India and eastern N. America. 

 Small trees or shrubs, glabrous, with thick, short-peti- 

 oled entire evergreen Ivs.: fis. small, solitary or in 3's 

 in the axils of Ivs. or bud-scales, nodding or inclined, 

 yellow or purplish ; sepals 3-6; petals many, imbricated 

 in 3 or more rows or series; stamens 10-many, with 

 thick filaments: carpels usually many, forming a ring 

 of almost woody pods. The Illiciums are aromatic plants 

 ■with perfect fls. 



One of the Illiciums furnishes the Star or Chinese 

 Anise, which is the small star -shaped cluster of fruits. 

 The odor and flavor strongly resemble Anise. It is much 

 used in oriental countries in cookery, and is exported to 

 some extent and is said to be used in flavoring certain 

 French wines. This product comes from China. It has 

 been supposed to be the product of I. anisatiim of 

 Linnaeus, but that plant is a .Japanese tree and it con- 

 tains a pnisoTi. In the American trade are the names 

 1. anisalinii :.n.l /. r< ll'iinsiim. It now transpires that 

 these naiiM s I,, l.niu in the same plant, and that the Star 

 Anise is |hmMii.c d l.y another species. This other spe- 

 cies, or thf true Star Anise, was first accurately de- 

 scribed and figured (as /. veriim, Hook, f.) in B.M. 

 7005 (1888), where the confusion of two or three cen- 

 turies is elucidated. There is probably only one East 

 Asian lllicium in the trade in N. Amer., as follows: 



anis4tum, Linn., not Giertn. (/. religidsum, Sieb. & 

 Zucc). Small tree: Ivs. alternate, elliptic, short-peti- 

 oled, somewhat acuminate: fls. mostly solitary, sessile 

 or nearly so, yellowish, not fragrant, with many very 

 narrow petals, and 20-30 stamens. Japan. B.M. 3965.— 

 Grown far S. There is a form with variegated Ivs. 



Two native Illiciums growing in the Gulf country are: /. 

 FtoridAnum , KWis. Shrub. 6-10 ft.: Ivs. oblong-lanceoLate, 4 in. 

 or more long: petals 20-30. very n.arrow, dark crimson. B.M. 

 439. Gn. 36. p. 151, J.H. III. ,W:365.— 7. parvifldriim. Michx. 

 Lvs. elliptic or lanceolate, mostly under 4 in. long; petals very 

 small (M in. long), 6-11, yellowish. L_ g, g. 



ILLINOIS, HORTICULTURE IN. Fig. 1126. The 

 state of Illinois, lying in the heart of the Mississippi 

 valley, the most fertile portion of the United States, and 

 with its eastern boundary over 700 miles from the At- 

 lantic coast, has a aange north and south of a little over 

 350 miles, extending from 37° to 42° 30' north latitude, 

 and a lireadth east and west of about 200 miles at its 

 widest point. In spite of its great length, the difference 

 in mean annual temperature between the extreme north- 

 em and southern parts of the state is only 10° F., 

 although the rainfall in the southern part is one-half 

 greater than in the northern. 



Soil conditions alone considered. Illinois stands, agri- 

 culturally, :it tlie very forefront. Third among the states 

 of tin- I'liii'M ( 1S90) in poptilation, and first in railroad 

 iiiilr;i:;.-, it is ;ilso flrst in total bulk of agricultural and 

 h'irtictiltiiral products. There are no considerable tracts 

 of worthless land in the state; and the statistics col- 

 lected by the State Board of Agriculture show every one 

 of the 102 counties of the state to be fruit-producing. 



51 



ILLINOIS 799 



The statistics of the census of 1890 showed Illinois at 

 that time to be easily third in rank among the horti- 

 cultural states. 



The horticultunil iiit.r.sts ,,f Illinois have been well 

 looked after and .an fiilly ]ihired on a permanent basis 

 by the legishitur.'. lii \^~ i an act was passed by that 

 body establishiiii,' the llliiu.is State Horticultural Society 

 (which was organized in 1S55) as a public corporation 



^HIGAN 



of the state. The State HorticvUtural Society is divided 

 into three subdivisions, the Northern, Central and South- 

 ern Illinois Horticultural Societies, each taking in about 

 one-third of the state (see map I. The State Horticultural 



Society has bc-cn lil.rrally s.ipiMirt.Ml l.v th.- legislature 



The most .li-tiiirti\ r fiint -.rti..!! ..r IMiiMiis is the 

 southern third. Tlii^ ar. a i Miitams s.iinrtliing over 

 150,000 acres devuti-d i.. ilir ^imwmi- of apples alone. 

 Other deciduous fruits, laitaliii p. a.iies and pears, and 

 small fruits, especially -tiaw 1.. 1 1 1> -, are also grown in 

 large quantities in this part of Illinois, During the sea- 

 son of 1898 over 800 car-loads of strawberries alone were 

 shipped to outside markets from the fruit districts of 

 southern Illinois. Increa.sed shipping facilities and the 

 coming into bearing of orchards already some time 

 planted are rapidly brine-inu' southern Illinois into com- 

 petition with Michigan in tin- ].rcHlu,-tiMii of poai-hes. 



The southern fruit .li-trirt. as in.lirat. .1 on the map, 

 lies between :;7'^ :iiid :::)- :;(i' noith latitialo, tlu- former 

 being the latitude of \,,rtolk. V.,.. and ilio latter that 

 of Baltimore. Md. 'I'lir cliiiiat,' of ilii- diMrii't is best 

 indicated )iy ilo- fart that tlir is,,i|ioini :.:. *\ passes 

 through the n.nilnrii pari of ilio .li^iin't, iho same tem- 

 perature line also passim; thron-li tlie jieaib aud sweet 

 potato districts of Dehiware and southern New Jersey. 

 The 50° isotherm passes through Illinois about on the 

 dividing line between the northern and central fruit dis- 



