gmg-out" process is ■ 

 some report that the 



simply injecting a In;!- raii-.iit l.i-uliM.' into tlic en- 

 trance of his burrow i : ■ :ii^ it with i»iiir\-. 

 Biidand Leaf-f,..i<: ! , I .• hu.N ;„m1 l-.a.'-s 

 of horticultural crops ^i i^ n - \ :uiti \\\\\\ It-L^inus ut' liitinu: 

 and sucliing Insects. A mere enumeration of the dif- 

 ferent liinds of these pests would weary the reader. 

 Some Insects, like the rose chafer, work on several dif- 

 ferent kinds of plants, while manyothers attack only one 

 or two kinds. In apple orchards, the opening buds are 

 seized upon by the hungry bud-moth and case-bearing , 

 caterpillars, by the newly-hatched canker-worms, and 

 by tent-caterpillars, whose tents or " signboards " are fa- 

 miliar objects in many orchards. These pests continue 

 their destructive work on the leaves. The pear slug 

 often needs to be checked in its work of skeletonizing 

 the leaves of the pear and cherry. The pear psylla, one 

 of the jumping plant-lice, is a very serious menace to 

 pear-growing in many localities; the fruit is either 

 dwarfed or drops from badly infested trees, and some- 

 times so many little pumps sucking out its life finally 

 cause the death of the tree. The little blue grape-vine 

 flea-beetle often literally nips the prospective crop of 

 fruit in the bud, or the rose-chafer may swarm over the 

 vines and eat the foliage or blossoms. Currant and goose- 

 berry growers realize that eternal vigilance against the 



familiar green 



159. Grasshopper. Mouiited. 



the price of a crop of fruit. 

 The asparagus beetles 

 would soon appropriate 

 every asparagus shoot 

 that appears in many 

 localities. It is a con- 

 tinual struggle against 

 Insect pests to get a 

 paying crop of almost 

 any vegetable. The 

 several kinds of cab- 

 bage caterpillars would 

 soon riddle the leaves. 

 The hungry striped cu- 

 cumber beetles can 

 hardly wait for the 

 melon, squash, or cucumber vines to come up. Two 

 sucking Insects, the harlequin cabbage bug and the 

 squash stink-bug, are equally as destructive as their 

 biting relatives. 



The bud- and leaf -feeding Insects are usually readily 

 controlled by spraying some poison on their food, or 

 by hitting them with some oil or soap spray. As the 

 female moths of canker-worms are wingless, a wire 

 trap or sticky bandage placed around the trunk of the 

 tree in the late fall and early spring, to capture the 

 moths as they crawl up the tree to lay their e!,i, wll 

 greatly hel ) to check these serious pests The II t i 

 anl b lining of the conspicuous egg rings of tl 

 cateipiUars at any time between \ugust anl tl f 1 

 lo n \i 1 ' 11 tl 1 tl t 



Hill I 



I tell "ent u e ot matenals and appara 



e t I n in-v s icce st il eff rt to conti 1 



I 1 1 le f fee ling pests of the horticulturist 



/ is — Wormv aj-ple pears 



I tte 1 the 1 lie rather than tl e escep 



II II th 01 api le won 1 often 1 iins from 

 II u h If of the crci ea h \eai in many 



I t e it al nfests pear seiir i \\ The apple 



ot tunnels its wiy throif,h nd thi ii^h the flesh 



1 r^e percentage of the api les in the noithein sec 



t tl V M t f tl 1 1 lu 1 he 



INSECTS 811 



caterpillar of a little moth, works havoc in grapes. 

 Currants and gooseberries are often wormy from the 

 work of two or three dill'ereut kinds of maggots and 

 caterpillars. A new pest has now included the delicious 

 cherry in its menu; it is a fruit-fly, closely allied to the 

 apple maggot; infested cherries may show no external 

 signs of the presence of the maggot reveling in the 



fly. Mounted, 



juices within. Various small beetles, known as weevils, 

 are responsible for most wormy nuts. 



Most of the fruit-eating Insects are out of the reach 

 of the ordinary insecticides. The codling-moth is anoted 

 exception, however, for the peculiar habit that the little 

 caterpillar has of usuallv entering the blossom end of 

 the fruit and f. . dnig tli.'n in f..r .i f. w .l:i\ s. j^ivps the 

 man with ,i iiui-.ni s,„,in a ^m% miIim imI,1. jH.mt of 

 attack. II Is ..iil\ in'c . s^.n \ tu s|,,,i\ I 1,11 .it pi.isi.n into 



fall, and I. t ii.ilun s,„ ,, , I,, , tli, ,,!,.- ,n,l I , , ,, the 

 poison tlni. in nniii tl . . • I , ill ,i- in- 

 cludes 11 111 It- lust 111. ,11 , ,,f the 

 apples til It would .iiIh 1 I I HIS are 



w ikot the 

 often ru ns 

 There is als 



1 i 11 are 1 iri,elv the 



lit t the lUiucB curculio while its grub 

 le fr lit with its disgusting wotm hole 

 < grape curculio, that, with the aid of the 



gives .111, i.liiiH. Ill ii. 1 1 ilh I., n ,1,1, , 11^ 1,1111,1,1 rs by 



frequelilU ^Mth, l hilMIi, \\,l,,lt,ll ,li'l t, , ,lll,i: ihemto 



stock or burying tlu-m di , |,!\ \- il,, plum I'urculio, in 

 the adult stage, feeds on ili, I, ,\< - mil truits, a poison 

 spray, a],|,li, ,1 s,„,n ,itti r blossoming 

 time, Is .i|,j, II < 111 l\ s,,iiietinies effective 

 again.st it, luitn ul.irly on cherries. 

 Many extensive growers of the stone- 

 fruits, however, are satisfied that this 

 pest can be best circumvented by jar- 

 ring the curculios onto sheets and kill- 

 ing them; the quince curculio is also 

 best fought by the jarring method, 

 lland-picking of the infested fruits 

 must be practiced when grapes, cur- 

 rants or gooseberries are attacked by- 

 fruit-eating Insects. 



Plant-Lice. — Scarcely a plant es- 

 capes the little suction pump or beak 

 1161. A snapping "i some kind of a plant-louse or aphis. 

 beetle. Mounted. About 250 different kinds of plant-lice 

 have been identified in the United 

 States, and nearly every kind of fruit, flower, farm or 

 garden crop has its spiecial plant-louse enemy, wliii-li is 

 often a serious factor in the production of a ,i,,|,. 'II,, s,- 

 little creatures are so small, so variable, sn I,,,,,] i,, p,!- 

 ceive, present so many different forms in tl,, -;,i,,, .|„> 

 cies, and have such varied and interesting lit, -i',ri,s 

 to tell, that what we now know about thc-m is but a 

 mere beginning as compared to what is yet to be 

 learned. It would take a large volume to include the in- 

 teresting stories which might be told of the lives and of 

 the relations with ants of some of the commonest of 

 these plant-lice. No other group of Insects presents so 

 many curious, varied, interesting, and wonderful prob- 

 lems of life as do the aphids. 



