LEVISTICUM 



has only one species, and is disting:uished by having 

 the bracts of its involucel grown together. 



officinile, Koch. Lovage. Tall : Ivs. dark green, 

 shining ; segments wedged shaped at the base, cut to- 

 ward the apex: fls. yellow; seeds 3-ribbed, hollow and 

 boat-shaped on one side, convex on the other. S. Eu. 



LEWfSIA (after Meriwether Lewis, of the famous 

 Lewis and Clark expedition across the continent to the 

 Pacific in 1804). Poi-fulAcaci-w. The Bitter-root, i. 

 re.diviva, is an odd and interesting plant. It has a 

 thick-brau'-ln-il r.^.r : Ivs. like a Portulaca, fleshy and 

 linear, ami ImiMNMnn. fls. ijorne 3 or 4 in. above ground. 

 The fls. art' \-- in. ;nr<iss. rosy, varying to white, red or 

 purplish, Willi s-U iiruils. The plant has been thor- 

 oughly tested iu the E;i.-,t, and is desirable for rockeries, 

 needing perfect drainage, a sunny position and careful 

 watering while in flower. One of those perennials that 

 should be planted iu groups for best effect, and also as 

 a precaution tu prt-vnit loss by oversight in careless 



The stnr _ hhlians in spring, and 



eaten. Tii- > hitter, but at flower- 



ing tiuiLMi I , i ->:!;- II < :i - :1\, and the root when 

 boili-il ha- iinir .ii ihr imnr lastc. The roots from 

 whi.-li till- plaiii wiL< .i,.~rnlMd showed signs of life after 

 lifin:.' Ill rill- li. rhaniiiii for ..■\ rnil years. Pursh planted 

 thi'iii, ami thrv -irw lor a var. This event suggested 

 thf name r.il.nr,!. V\u- lino iN. li-nrfd in B.M. 5395 



came from a root wln-'h li-nl i n inini.-is,.,l in boiling 



water in order to malsc an li. i-liai nini -|.r,ninen. The 

 root is called spatiilinn or .pailnin liy iho Inilians. The 

 Lewis and (.'lark e\|io.litioii was plannt-.l in the house 

 of Bernard -M .Maho,,, :ni .arly American horticulturist. 

 (See M'JIulin,, I. .\ mil aocount of this plant is given 

 by Pailleux ami la.is n, L,. Potager d'un Curieux; also 

 iu R.H. Ls;ii'. ].. _>!is. lo imric characters are: sepals 5-8, 

 persistent: stamens numerous: style 6-8-parted: cap- 

 sule circumscissile. The genus has 2 species. 



redivlva, Pursh. Fls. June-Aug. Wash, and Calif, to 

 Nev. B.M. 5395. E.H.1892, p. 298. V. 2:306. Mn. 2, p. 

 ^5' J. Woodward Manning and W. M. 



LIATEIS (a name of unknown derivation). Com- 

 pdsifce. Blazing Star. Button Snakeroot. A genus 

 of hardy perennials, confined to eastern and southern 

 N.America. Fifteen or nmrr s|ir.ii s havo been recog- 

 nized, all of which are b.-st lalapio-l to il,r wild-flower 

 border. The most showv aro /,. ,;,„o„s ami L. pycnos- 

 taclujii. All produ.a- their ilo«, i- ,„ waml like spikes 

 or racemes, the petal, mi ."lonnL' -i i Ip iir, oiu.-ral bracts 

 often adding to tin . • :-lit rose-red 



or purple flowers. I ^ a- .d in late 



summer and autnnu \ \ ■ • noiliij.li i.\ oUsets from 

 their conn liln hi-' , n,:iy he uriiw-u trom seed, which 

 should hi iiiii. They will grow and pro- 



duce flow, r 1 1 than most garden plants, but 



thrive be-t ... _ Ii :,':irden soil, and require no 



special caie. Whin tAiouped in masses they give best 

 results. 



AA. Bracts of involucre obtuse. 



B. Heads hemispherical, %-l in. broad, lS-45-flowered, 



and peduncled. 



scaridsa, Willd. Stem stout, 1-5 ft. high: lower Ivs. 

 spatuhite or oblong-lanceolate, 4-0 in. long, l-i in. wide; 

 upper narrowly lanceolate: heads large, numerous, in 

 a relatively loose spike; involucral bracts often tinged 

 with purple: fls. purple: pappus bristles minutely bar- 

 bellate. Throughout the U. S. and Can., east of the 

 Rockv Mts. B.M. 1709. B.R. 7:590 and 20:1054. ('i.C. 

 111.14:593. D.271. P.M. 5:27 (as £. ;,o(r«?is).-Next to 

 i. elegans and pycno.^tachi/a, perhaps the most desir- 

 able species for ornamental purposes. 



BB. ffeads oblonij. 3-4 lines broad, 5-15 -flowered. 



c. Brads not punctate. 



D. Heads sessile. 



apioita, Willd. Stem stout, rather tall, 2-5 ft., and 

 very leafy: Ivs. all linear, the lower larger and broader 

 than the upper, which are gradually reduced to the 

 linear-subulate bracts of the spike: heads 8-13-fld., 

 % in. long, closely sessile, and forming a dense spike 



LIATRIS 



909 



from 6-12 in. long; involucral bracts rounded obtuse, 

 with usually purplish margins. In the Atlantic and 

 Gulf states, from Mass. to La. B.M. 1411. 



Var. montana, Gray {L.pumila, Lodd.). Fig. 1270. 

 Lower, 10-20 in. high: Ivs. broader, the lower ones yi-% 

 in. broad, and obtuse at apex : 

 spike proportionately short and 

 heads larger. V'a. and N. Car. 

 L.B.C. 2:147. 



E. Lvs. oblong-lanceolate, rela- 



tivehj short. ^^ 



gracilis, Pursh {L. pnnciflos- '^^ 



bracts : heads in a loose raceme, 

 3-5-fld.; bracts of the involucre 

 few and rather loose. Georgia, 

 Ala. and Fla. 

 EE. Bvs. attenuate-linear, the 



radical 8-li in. long. 

 tenuifdlia, Nutt. (L. lavigdfa, 

 Nutt.). Stem slender, 2^ ft. 

 high: Ivs. without distinction 

 of blade and petiole, only a line 

 or two wide : heads in a strict 

 raceme, a foot or more long, 

 about 5-fld. : pappus strongly 

 barbellate. N. Car. to Fla. 



heads 



Stem 



cc. Bracts punctate: 

 peduncled. 



graminifdlia, Pursh. 

 comparatively slender, 

 high : Ivs. ciliate toward the 

 base, with scattered hispid 

 hairs: spike less dense, often 

 becoming racemose : head K 

 in. long ; bracts of involucre 

 punctate, rounded at the apex. 

 Atlantic states, Va. to Fla. 



Bracts of involve 



-icutec 



B. Heads 15-60-f!d.. cylindrical 



or turbinate. 



c. Bracts with lanceolate, 



spreading, rigid tips. 

 squarrdsa,Willd. Stem stout, 

 6-20 in. high: lvs. linear and 

 rigid, the lower elongated and 

 grass-like : spike variable in ' ' i 



length, bearing few to many 1270. Hatris spicata. 



:K). 



heads, the larger heads 

 long; involucral bracts lanceo- 

 late, rigid, and usually bearing pointed tips, squarrose. 

 Eastern U. S., as far west as Neb. and Tex. B.R. 11: 

 948 is var. intermedia of this species. 



ce. Bracts icilh closely oppressed, mucronate tips. 



cylindricea, Michx. Stem 1 ft. high : lvs. and spike 

 as in last species: heads few, 16-20-fld. ; bracts of in- 

 volucre abruptly mucronate. Upper Can. to Minn, and 

 Mo. 



BE. Heads S-6-fld., oblong or 1 

 c. Inner bracts much In) 



Elegans, Willd. Stem 2-3 ft. 

 soon reflexed: spike dense and \ 

 heads % in. long; inner invol 

 into spreading, [letiiloi.l a]ijM nil: 



flowers and papims. \'a., to |.'|a. ami 'I'l x. I;, R. 4:267. 

 cc. /hio r l.r.irtx ,mf /.,„,,, ,■ Ufin th, fls. 



D. Pappus bristles ary plitinust: brauts oppressed. 



punctata, Hook. Stem stout, 10-30 in. high : lvs. and 

 involucral bracts punctate and rigid: spike long and 





upper 

 . long: 

 longed 



