wand-like, dense and leafy: hearts 4-6-fld., % in. long; 

 bracts of involucre oblong, rather abruptly cuspidate, 

 ciliate on its margins: pappus plumose. Saskatchewan 

 and Minn, to Tex. and Mex. 



DD. Pappus bristles merely harbeUute. 

 E. Involucral bracts spreading. 



pycnoatichya. Mi.-)iv. Sf.Mii stout, 3-5 ft. high : lr«. 

 crowded thnniL-ii^ m , iIm l.,v,,-r lanceolate, the uiii" r 

 narrowly liniM I l\ llowered, 5-18 in. I.hil-: 



heads about ', 1 1 1 : -il.s inrolucrewith s.|uar- 



rose tips acute imi i h h : |i:i|.|.iis copious, minutely l.ar- 

 bellate. 111. and l:i., t<i Ark. and Tex. R.H. 1885::j24. 

 Gn. 55:1217.— One of the choicest and boldest species. 

 EB. Involucral bracts oppressed. 



Chipmanii, Torr. & Gray. Stem a font m- two high, 

 strict and rigid: Ivs. short, the luw.r ntilMULrliurar, the 

 upper small and awl-shaped: .sj.ikc .1. n^rlv ilowered, 

 often 1 ft. long: heads about :i ll.l.: lis. lai-r for the 

 size of the head: pappus grayish, the bristles minutely 

 barbellate, about % in. long. 'Fla. w.W. Kowlee. 



LIB£BTIA (Marie A. Libert, a Belgian woman, who 

 wrote on liverworts, about 1820). Iri.lac,,,. This in- 

 cludes some tender bulbous whit. Hd. ].:,ini. [icurable 

 from Dutch dealers, but for nortl i , . , > inferior 

 to our common hardy Blue-ey. i i , faiitia 



Virginica). The fls. appear tcp li. , j.. , , ,, : ,.. showy 

 parts beiriu' the inner seCTient^ ,,1 li,, ^,. u, uih. The 



tant: lirrianth with. mi any till..- al..iv.- tin- ,i\ary; seg- 

 ments ..!.. .vat., til.- :t i.ut.r usiKiily sli.irt.r, tirn'u-r and 

 less showy than the inner, more or less green or brown; 

 stamens inserted at the base of the segments ; filaments 

 free or connate toward the base: ovules many, super- 

 posed: capsule small, leathery, loculicidally 3-valved: 

 seeds 3-comered. 



The genus has 8 species, found in Australia, New Zea- 

 land, Tasmania and Chile. All are white-fld. except L. 

 cm-uUscens, which is blue. Botanically it is nearest to 

 rUplnrrhpna, but in the latter the inner segments are 

 ' In.rt. 1- tlian 111.' ..ill. r ..nes and connivent. Libertia be- 

 I'.n^. in 111.' all.. ulilribe with our blue-eyed grass 

 I "^i-Min. liiunii. i.ni in the latter case all the perianth 

 '.-•gm.juti- arc alj.jut uqual in size. Baker, Handbook of 

 the Irideie, 1892. 



A. Clusters lax: pedicels longer than the bracts. 

 B. Lrs. S-6 in. long, entirely green. 



pulchflla, Spritiu'. Lvs. n..t rigid: stem >^-l ft. long : 

 inflorescence uf 1 ..i- 1. w .In-t.-rs, which are 2-3-fld. S. 

 Australia, Tasmania, X. w Z. aland. 

 BB. Lvs. 1 ft. Ill- iiiorr I'Diij, irith a broad pale midrib. 



ixioides, Spreng. Stem 1-2 ft. long: inflorescence an 

 ample panicle with numerous peduncled, 2-6-fld. umbels. 

 New Zealand. 

 AA. Clusters dense; pedicels shorter than the bracts. 



formdsa. Grab. Lvs. rigid, 1-1 K ft. long: stem 2-3 ft. 

 long: inflorescence of many sessile umbels. Chile. B.M. 

 3294. B.R. 19:1G30. Gn. 45, p. 192 (fine habit sketch) 

 and 40, p. 441 ^f. M. 



LIBOCfiDRUS (libas, drop, tear, and Cedrus ; allud- 

 ing to the resinous character of the trees). Coniferce. 

 ^yn., ffeyileria.. Incense Cedar. Ornamental, tall ever- 

 green trees of pyramidal habit, with frond-like arranged, 

 mostly flattened branchlets, small, scale-like, opposite 

 lvs., and rather small, ovate or oblong cones. None of 

 the species is quite hardy North.but L. decurrens thrives 

 in the vicinity of the city of New York, and even in 

 sheltered places in E. Mass. It is a valuable park tree, 

 forming a symmetrical, narrow pyramid, with bright 

 green foliage. It is also an important timber tree, the 

 wood being light, soft, close and straight-grained, is 

 very durable in the soil, and is used for fencing, for 

 shingles, for the interior finish of houses, and also for 

 ship and boat building. The other species are hardy 

 only South, and, though very ornamental trees, they are 

 hardly cultivated in this country; they are all important 

 timber trees in their native countries. The Incense 



LICUALA 



Cedars thrive best in a well-drained soil, and prefer open 

 situations ; they are liable to lose their lower branches 

 rather early. I'mp. by seeds sown in spring ; also by 

 cuttings ill .1. 1 j': - i'l lat.- suiHiner or fall, which root 

 ratbersf. ' -■ aft. .1 ..n Thuya and Chamse- 

 cyparis. I : \\'.. X. and S. America, Aus- 

 tralia an. I --.. 1 ,. .V,,.. .1 L.Tiuiya. Branchlets flat- 



tt'Tii'd. lar. r. .,aan;.iii^uiai', fruud-like in arrangment; 

 I V ^... a I. like, with decurreut base, with or without glands: 

 II- iii.n.icious or dioecious, terminal, similar to those 

 .1 ri.iiya: cones oblong to ovate, with 4, rarely 6, woody 

 s.al. -. ihe lower pair sterile, small and short, the sec- 

 ..n.l ..iM- iiiui'h larger and fertile, each scale bearing two 

 l..nL' H ini.'.il s.i-.ls, the third pair, if present, connate 



decurrens. 'r..rr. {Thiitia CraigiAna,^^!: T.gigantia, 

 Carr., n..l Xiiti. I. WiirrE Cedar. Tree, to 100 ft., with 

 erect or s|.r. :..1iiil: , -li'.it branches, forming a rather 

 narrow. l.:.ili.iy 1.. ..! ; bark bright cinnamon-red: 

 branchlets imi.h il:.i 1. n. .1, l.riglit green on l.otli sides: 

 lvs.obloug-ov;iti-, a.ii:.!'. . ■, itlt i..!l^^l. .nrii 111 1.,.-. . U'va 

 at the apex and a.-m : ! : . .nes 



oblong, %-l in. l..nj i . nm- 



cronate below tin- a p. ^. :. i um .1 . • iinai. |.:ii 1 - . ;■ u .i ing 

 the 2 fertile ones, iiitg. i,. Lain. an. I W . X.>. S..^. 

 10:534. F.S. 9, p. 199. Uu. 29, pp. 2G0, 207. -In cult, the 

 young trees ire conspicuous by their bright and deep 

 green foliage, while the trees in their native localities 

 are mostly of a light yellowish green. Var. compdcta, 

 Hort. Dwarf compact form of globose habit. Var. 

 glailca, Hort. With glaucous foliage. 



L ChiUnsis. Elull, Trpp, to 60 ft., with compnft. pyramidal 



and acute apex: cones ovate; scales with a large, curved spine 

 on the b.ack. Chile to Patag. G.C. 1850, p.439. Gn. 30, p. 552. 

 Alfred Rehdeb. 

 LIBONIA!loribundaandPenrhosiensis. SeeJacobinia. 



LICUALA (Molucca name). PahnAcece. Low, shrubby 

 fan palms: stems solitary or in groups: lobes of the 

 lvs. long, wedge-shaped, plicate, truncate and variously 

 lobed or split, deeply and irregularly divided; rachis 

 very short; ligule short: sheaths fibrous: fls. large. 

 Species 30 or more, from trop. Asia to trop. Australia. 

 Allied gciurn in .iilt. are Brahea, Serenoa, Erythea, 

 Pritchnr.lM lit ::. Triachycarpus, Rhapis. From 

 these Li. ni! I 1 1 -lied by the carpels of the ovary 



3-angled, ii.i.:., ..ii.t; style single, filiform: albu- 

 men equabl-j : ..nil.ryu ..l.jisal. 



A. Jyvs. with lobes more or less grown together: lobes 



very broad, 



B. Marginal teeth very large, the upper edges bent 



■under. 

 Btimphii, Blume. Petiole spiny below : segments 

 12-15, the inner ones 2 ft. long and 1 ft. wide at the 

 apex, the lateral ones IG in. long and 4 in. wide, oblique: 

 marginal teeth broadly ovate, obtuse, shortly bifid. 

 Celebes. Cult, in S. Fla. 



BB. Marginal teeth with upper edges not bent under. 



grAndis, H.Wendl. (Pritrln! ri:^, ./,.;, -.7;.,. Bull). Erect 

 ■ • ■ il... ' ' .'. : -lii-aths: lvs. 

 IV : <li iider, gla- 



palm, the stems clothed 

 very many, erect-spreadi 



brous, with stout, short, stiai.i . ui . . •\ -pines along 



the margins below the middle; i.la.le orl.e ular or semi- 

 orbicular, very closely plicate, wedge-shaped or trun- 

 cate at the base, concave, the margins with many short 

 lobes which areobtuselv 2-fid: ligule thick, short, acute, 

 broadiv ovate. New Britain. I. H. 28:412 and 41. p. 82. 

 G.C. II. 1:41.-). B.JI. (1704. A.F. 7:1145. F.E. 7:982. 

 S.H. 1:344. 



