LITHRiEA 



petiole narrow-winged ; Ifts. 2-3 in. long, glabrous, 

 with small panicles of greenish yellow fls. and almost 

 white drupes 1-2 lines in diam. Brazil. 



J. B. S. Norton. 



LITTdNIA (Dr. Samuel Litton, professor of botany 

 in Koyal Dublin Society). LilUlceie. Littonia and 

 Gloriosa are called Climbing Lilies. They are tender, 

 tuberous plants, with glossy, lanceolate Ivs. which curl 

 at the tips Into tendrils, enabling the plants to reach 

 6-8 ft. The fls. are 6-parted, but in Littonia the seg- 

 ments are not reflexed like a Cyclamen, as in Gloriosa. 

 Pis. nodding, bell-shaped, orange, 1 in. or more across; 

 segments oblong, acuminate, ij^ in. long: capsule long, 

 3-celled; seeds scarlet, about the size of a sweet pea, 

 round, arranged in 2 series. The odd-shaped tubers are 

 about 1% in. across andmay be planted outdoors in May. 

 There are 4 species, 1 from Arabia, 1 from S. Africa 

 and 2 from tropical Africa. 



mod£sta, Hook. Lower Ivs. in 3's, upper ones alter- 

 nate : perianth segments provided with a small oblong 

 nectary, partially closed by a ciliated scale on each side : 

 style 3-cut. S.Africa. B.M. 4723. Var. Keitii, Hort., is 

 an improved form, with larger and more abundant fls. 

 John Endicott and W. M. 



LIVE - FOKEVEE. Sidum TeUphium and other 

 Hediuns. 



LIVEKLEAF. neputica. 



LIVERWORT. A general name for a group of cryp- 

 togamia (flowerless plants), somewhat allied to mosses 

 an<l known as Hepaticie. Conocephalus and Marchantia 

 have been offered by dealers in native plants as suitable 

 for rockwork and bog gardens. Lunularia is a common 

 weed in greenhouses. 



LIVING ROCK. Consult Anhalouium. 



LIVISTdNA (Patrick JIurray, Baron of Livistone). 

 Pahiiitctir. About 14 species of fan palms from tropical 

 eastern Asia, Malaya and Australia. Trunks usually 

 tall, stout, ringed below, clothed above with dead leaf- 

 sheaths: Ivs. spreading, orbicular, plicate, split to the 

 middle or below; the segments bifid, infolded, naked or 

 fibrous along the margins ; rachis 

 .ihort; ligule small, cordate, free; pe- 

 tiole long, stout, flat or rounded above, 

 convex below, often spiny along the 

 margins; sheaths margined with re- _^ 



ticulate fibers : spadices long, at first . ^ 



ascending, pendent in fruit, long- "^ 



peduncled, loosely branched, the ■i^^ 



branches slender: spathesmany, long, -^ 



tubular, compressed, sheathing the ^ 



peduncle, thick, coriaceous, bifid or . . 



2-lipped, 2-keeled or ancipital : no "^^J tg 



bracts or bractlets: fls. greenish: fr. ^:^-=== ^* 

 smooth and shining, oblong-globose or 

 ellipsoidal, black, blue, yellow or 

 brown. 



From the seven allied genera men- 

 tioned under Licuala, Livistona is dis- 

 tinguished by the following charac- 

 ters: fls. hermaphrodite: carpels of 

 the ovary globose, distinct or slightly 

 cohering : styles short, distinct or co- 

 hering: alliiniir 11 II. .t twisted, broadly 

 scooped out Mil ilir ventral side: 

 branches . r tli. .|,:„ii,,.s not bracted 

 or the luwcr .hhs hi-artcd. 



LIVISTONA 



933 



only one-fourth of the way down : spadices very slender, 

 the short slender branches protruding from the mouths 

 of tubular brown sheaths: drupe globose, Ya in. in diam., 

 bright red. Polynesia. First described in G.C. III. 

 23:177. — Nearly related to L. atisfraUs, but more grace- 

 ful, with smallei flowers and fruit. 



BB. Petioles spiny below the middle. 

 0. Length of spines Hin. or less. 



olivaefarmis, Mart. (Corppha Oebdnga, Hort., in part). 

 Stems medium : Ivs. glabrous ; petiole somewhat 3- 

 angled; spines retrorse, 1-3 lines long; segments 12-15 

 in. long, deeply bilobed, the lobes very long, acuminate, 

 linear, pendent, with or without very short filaments: 

 fr. olive-sliaped, solitary, or twin and connate to the 

 middle. Brazil. 



CO. Length of spines 1 in. or more. 

 D. Shape of Ivs. reniform. 



Chinfinsis, R. Br. {LatAnin rt,:ri.,'.„;,„ _ TT..rt., not 



Lam.). Stem 6 ft.high, more till imi iMny.with 



approximate rings: Ivs. man; i ding the 



blade, covered to about the iiiiil': ■ i is.- brown 



spines, 1 in. or more long; M.ili i.nn.iin, t-C ft. in 

 diam.; segments linear -lanceolate, long - pendulous, 

 deeply forked, filiferous, the lower 1-2 ft. long, 1-2 in. 

 wide, the middle 3 ft. Idng, the lobes acuminate, 4-8 in. 

 long. China. 



DD. Shape of Ivs. orbicular. 



rotundUftlia, Mart. ( Uhamarops Blrod, Sieb. C. Byr- 

 rhli, Hort. ) . Stem 40-50 ft. high, 1-lX ft. in diam., erect 

 or subflexuous, brownish black, oliscurely ringed; petiole 

 6 ft., with recuixc.l spims I ',, m. l,,iii; at the base; blade 

 3-5 ft. in diam.. sul.MrlMiular. ai li iiL'ili somewhat peltate 

 throughrevcisii.il nf i1m- h<\y~\ \..\..-,; segments 60-90, 

 connate for one-tliini tinii- iciiLCtli, hitiil to the middle, 

 the lobes long-acuminute. Java. K.B. 21:110. F.B. 

 1:301. S.H.2:2B. 



BBB. Petioles spiny from base to apex. 

 E. Segments of the Ivs. free one-third of the way down. 



altlssima, ZoU. Lvs. bright shining green, lK-2 ft. 

 long; segments free one-third of the way down, bifid at 

 the apex; petiole 2-6 ft., upper part green, brown toward 

 the base, inclosed in a reddish brown network of woody 



^^X^ 



^^ 



A. ii-.<. glaucous beneath. 

 Jenldnsiana, Griff. Lvs. 5-6 ft. broad, reniform, flabel- 

 late, 70-^0-till, glaucous beneath, the divisions ver\- nar- 

 row, straight, shortly and obtusely 2 toothed. Assam. 

 A\. Lvs. not glaucous beneath. 

 B. Petioles without spines. 

 Woddfordii, Ridley. Petioles slender, without thorns, 

 only '4 in. thick : lvs. orbicular, quite thin, 2 ft. long, 

 18 in. wide, split into very narrow acuminate lobes, the 

 lower ones free almost to the base, the inner ones split 



1305. Livistona humilis. 



vith stout black ; 



austraiis, Man. < . 

 40-SU ft.high: l^s. 11, 

 diam.. divided to or b 

 plicate, acuminate se; 

 the apex. Australia. B.M. 6274. Gn. 26, p. 337. V.9:3 



anMi.urlncular ;:-4 f t. in 



aiddle into 40-50 narrow, 

 either entire or 2-cleft at 



