MAGNOLIA 



MAGNOLIA 



965 



most ten icr »)t th e' 

 one of the mo-.t be lut 

 hauly nuith to Plui i 

 species are aninn^' tin 

 earlj flowenn^ tt . 

 shiubb3 1/ I 11,1 I U 

 and aftei Hi 1/ I 

 lowed b\ 1/ s 

 han.lsoni. t 1 Hi 1 

 pi,, «iili th \ M 



ber but these are exceptions E ich flower lists flora 

 2-4 diijs, when the petils fall and the cone like fiuit 

 appeals This giadually incieises m size until Sep- 

 tember, when the biip,ht coidl red seeds are detached 

 and hang on long hlaments The seed should be 

 gvthered when fully ripe put in diy sand until Febru- 

 ary in the "5 , then m moist sand for a week or 10 days, 

 when the resinous cuticle can be remo\ed by washing. 



:34 



; and ^^s: 



cs lheMn„nolus1 

 1 ich, moderately mor 

 1 1 ing sandy or peatj 

 Inch usually giow nit 

 t swamps as J/ il 



ti 1 II n 1 I uitmg isdiftirult and 1 ni st 



su tulh I 1 1 trmed just when tin ii w 



giowth IS stutitipC Piop In seeds si « n ]jii 



mediitelv or stiatified and bylaiti Mil 



year s giowth put down m spring and 1 n ii 1 



or notched Layers are usuilly sp\ i I m 1 



tiinsplanted the followina: i n„ I ii 



many of them die after ti in i i 



siter wny to tike them oft 



the new growth has ript n | i 



pots ind keep in a close ti 111 mnli' i 



established \ arieties and iiici kinds ii 



often veneer or side gr-ifted in early spring — 



or summer on potted stock in the gieenhouse 



or frame as a stock M liiprtitia is perhaps 



the best on account of its better fibious roots which 



render transplanting safei but M aciimnuita is also a 



good stock Sometimes increased by greenwood cut 



tin^s taken with a heel and handled under glass 



About 20 species m N Anieiica, south to M 

 Himalayas and E Asia Trees and shrubs with rather 

 stout branches maiked with conspicuous leafscais 

 stipules usually adnate to the petiole and inclosing the 

 young successive leaf. fls. terminal, solitary, the buds 

 inclosed in a stipular spathe; sepals 3, often petaloid; 

 petals 6-15; stamens and carpels numerous, the latter 

 connate into a spindle, developing into a cone-like some- 

 what fleshy or leathery fr., with dehiscent, 1-2-seeded 

 carpels; the large, usually scarlet seeds often suspen- 

 ded for a time from the fr. by thin threads. The wood 

 is close-grained, usually light and satiny, but not dur- 

 able; that of M. hiipoletica is much used in Japan for 

 laquered ware; the bark and fr. of some species have 

 been used medicinally as a tonic and stimulant. 



Alfred Rehder. 



Among the finest Magnolias cultivated in the South are 

 the two native evergreen species M. grnndiftora and 

 M. gtauea, and the exotics M. pumila and fu.scata, the 

 last being now referred to Michelia. MuqnoUa qrandi- 

 flora is a noble tree. It is a native of the middle and 

 southern sections of Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, 

 Louisiana and the upper districts of Florida, and is 

 recognized as one of the grandest of all broad-leaved 

 evergreen trees. In its native habitat it attains a 

 height of from 75 to 100 feet, with very large, oval or 

 lanceolate coriaceous leaves. The latter vary, however, 

 ery broad to rather narrow, some with a rusty 

 uite smooth. The flowers vary 

 the largest frequently measuring 10-12 in. 

 when fully expanded; others do not attain 



loi-e than half that si'ze. They appear early in May. 



1 some sections during the latter part of April, aiid 



imtinue until the end of June. Some trees produce 

 few flowers during August, and even as late as Octo- 



rface. 



Sow the cleaned seed in a box or coldframe, and as the 

 plants show their second leaves pot off in small pots. 

 In July, give a larger-sized pot, and the plants will be 

 sufficiently large to plant in permanent place during 

 the following autumn or winter. It is always advisable 

 to take pot-grown plants, as they succeed better than 

 plants taken up with bare roots. Magnolias are vora- 

 cious feeders, and require rich soil and an abundance 

 of plant-food. Their roots extend to a great length, 

 and to bring out the stately beauty of this tree they 

 should be given ample space. The wood is white, and 

 valued for cabinet work. There are many forms culti- 

 vated in European nurseries, their main characteristics 

 being in the size and form of the leaves and size of 

 flowers. They are propagated by grafting, either by in- 

 arching or cleft- or tongue-graft. The latter should be 

 done under glass, taking 2-year-old pot-grown seed- 

 lings. The fragrance of the flowers varies also, some 

 flowers being more pungent than others, but, as a rule, 

 the fragrance is pleasant. The principal varieties are 

 M. gramliflnra var. gloriosn, with fls. often measuring 

 14 in. in diameter; foliage broad and massive, brown on 

 under surface. Seldom grows beyond 18-25 ft. Var. 

 pneco.r, or early-flowering. Var. roiimtZifoZin, with very 

 dark green roundish Ivs., rusty underneath. 



Miuinnlia glaitca, the Sweet Bay, is an evergreen 

 tree in the southern states, becoming deciduous north- 

 ward. It attains a height of 30 ft. in rich bottoms or 

 swampy lands: Ivs. oval, long or elliptical, with a glau- 

 cous under surface: fls. white. 3-4 in. in diameter, very 

 fragrant, and produced from May to July. This tree is 



