MARRUBIUM 



iiseil in larae quuntities for confections and medicines 

 furcoinrhsHndculils. 



Jl.inuliiimi comprises similar perennials branched 

 from the hiise, with wrinliled and creuate or cut Ivs., 

 and manv Hd. axillary whorls of small white or purplish 

 fls. : calyx tubular, 5-10-nerved and with 5 or 10 awl- 



vulg4re, Linn. Common Horehoukd. Height 1-3 ft. : 

 stems ascendiufr: Ivs. ovate, stalked : calyx with 10 re- 

 curved teeth, the alternate ones shorter: fls. white. 

 Summer. B.B. 3:84. 



Horehound (or Hoarhound) in America has become a 

 coramou weed in N't-w Euirland, Indiana and upon the 

 Puciflo coast, e^p.-: lii;,- -.i.::, ■'{ S.ii Vn.ur-..,. Frcun 

 the last region i- "i' -i 1! ■ ',. p,: ;i. :r -ii'^iliict 

 considered useful ;i ■ ^ ; 'Id.;. 



The leaves and t-i- . ■ .■,i.,.iM,i, - ,,i ,,,,>-.• ;uid 



sipated li}- -'•■'! .• i . d.iiti.iu to its wdl ku.iwn uses 



and, in 'I'' ■ . : .■. d'ol.-tiii.-nt pn.p-ni.-. The 



plant pr.l'-- li' , ■■ irm. rather rirh, li^lit soil. It ni:iy 

 be readily i iMpa-o.^l l,y ilivision of the clumps or by 

 seed sown io tlo' spriiiu' where the plants are to remain. 

 The drills sh,,,,],! i,.. 2 feet apart and the plants 1 

 foot asunder. Witli elean cultivation and moderate an- 

 nual m.inuring two aljundant cuttings should be ob- 

 tained each year. Since the market is fully supplied by 

 the wild plants and since, when once established, it will 

 grow almost spontaneously, the cultivation of Hore- 

 hound is not recommended e.xcept to supply private 

 needs. ji. G. Kains and M. B. CouLSTON. 



MARSDfeNIA (William Blarsden, 1754-1836, wrote a 

 history of Sumatra). AscIepiadAcete. About 50 species 

 of tropical and subtropical shrubs, mostly twiners, of 

 which about half a dozen species are cult, in Europe 

 under glass. Jl. Bnijlei, a fiber and dye plant from the 

 East Indies, was introduced liy Reasoner in 1889, but is 

 now lost. The genus is allied to Stephanotis, whieh has 

 large white fls., while those of Marsdenia are usually 

 purplish, lurid, greenish or pallid. Lvs. opposite: 

 cymes umbel-shaped, simple or branched, terminal or 

 axillary: calyx 5-parted: corolla bell-, urn- or salver- 

 shaped; lobes narrow or broad, overlapping to the right: 

 crown of 5 scales: seeds comose. 



E6ylei, Wight. Lvs. 3-6 in. long, 2-4 in. wide, ovate 

 Cordate, aeiiminate, pubescent or tomentose beneath; 

 l»tiol,s ii.-o in. long: cymes 1-1^ in. across: fls. 3-4 

 lilies ill diiiiii.; corolla somewhat bell-shaped; lobes 

 laiLo-. tlesh\ : stigma not extended beyond the anthers: 

 seeds ■. in. long. L. H. B. 



MARSHALLIA (Humphrey Marshall, wrote Arbus- 

 tum Americanum, 1785, the first American work on our 

 trees and shrubs; also founded one of the first Ameri- 

 can botanic gardens). Compdsitce. About 9 species of 

 perennial North American herbs, of which only one 

 species, 3/. cwspitosa, seems to have been offered. 

 Marshallias are tufted plants, growing about a foot 

 high, with entire lvs. and scapes bearing solitary ray- 

 less heads about li4 in. across. Somewhat like tlie 

 common Scabious. These are rose-purple or white, 

 ■with blue anthers, and appear in spring or summer. 

 For fuller description, see our tnanuals. 



MARTYNIA 



985 



apex 4 bright green obcuneate or triangular leaflets. 

 The sporocarps or fruits are nearly sessile at the base 

 of the petioles. Prop, easily hy pieces of the runners, 

 and is likely to become a weed. The young leaflets 

 close at night. Europe and Asia. Mn. 6, p. 107. 



MAETINfiZIA (Rev. Dr. Baltasar Jacobo Martinez 

 Companou, archbishop of Santa Fe,who sent many early 

 collections of plants from Peru). PalmAcew. Orna 

 mental palms, with spiny ringed trunks: Ivs. pinnate 

 the segments broad, wedge-shaped, alternate or grouped 

 the apex truncate and ragged: petioles and rachis 

 spiny, as are also the spadices and spathes of the in 

 florescence: fls. rather small: fr. globose, 1-ceIled, 

 orange, scarlet or rose-pink. Species 7. Trop. Amer. 

 Jared G. Smith. 



Martiuezias are beautiful palms, and make fairly 

 good house plants. They must have a stove tempera- 

 ture. They do not require a great amount of soil. Light 

 sandy loam, with plenty of sharp sand, is best. They 

 need abundant moisture. They sometimes flower in 

 cultivation, but the 4 kinds given below are distinct by 

 their foliage and spines. Like all armed palms, they 

 are slow to germinate, but after the first or second 

 year they grow fairly fast. The commonest and best 

 kind is J/", cuiv/otofe/m, whichhas fewerspinesthanthe 

 other species and, unlike many other palms, shows its 

 true Ivs. at a very early stage. It resembles the fish- 

 tail palms (C'aryotal,but the lvs. are a lighter green and 

 generally larger. M. erosa makes a better specimen at 

 5-6 ft. than when small. It is much more jagged at the 

 tips of the lvs. Being very spiny all over, it is less de- 

 sirable. M. Lindeniana is more like the first. The 

 spines are longer but not very numerous. M. Grana- 

 tensis is of coarser habit and slower growth, and desir- 

 able only for large collections. h. A. Siebrecht. 

 A. Zivs. divided into segments. 

 B. Segments in groups. 

 C. Apex of .■<r,,,iirntx ?.^h,hfd. 



caryotaefdiia, HBK. Stems at length 30 to 50 ft. high: 

 lvs. few, 3-6 ft. long, Imbt (,-reen; Ifts. in groups, 6-12 

 in. long, 4-6 in. wide at tlie apex: stem, petioles, rachis 

 and nerves below, den.selv clothed with long black 

 spines. Colombia. G.C. 1872:181. B.M.6854. F.R.2:49. 

 cc. Apex of segments with a point projecting from the 

 upper margin. 



Llndeni4na, H. Wendl. Stems 9-15 ft. high: pinnae 

 in opposite groups of 4 to 6, the groups widely sepa- 

 rated, long-wedge-shaped, 10-14 in. long, 8-10 times as 

 long as broad, with a short, projecting point at the up- 

 per margin, the nerves ciliate-spiny toward the end: 

 petiole densely covered with grayish brown hairs, with 

 many rather large black spines 1-2H in. long: rachis is 

 also spiny above and below: midnerve of each segment 

 a trifle shorter than the lower margin and spiny be- 

 neath, like the rachis and lateral nerves: lvs. dark 

 green above, lighter beneath; terminal segment broad- 

 est: fr. rose-red. Mountains of Colombia, at an altitude 

 of 6,000 ft. 



BB. Segments in 2-4 puirs. 



er6sa. Linden. Lvs. with 2-3 pairs of narrow Ifts. at 

 base and a pair of broader ones ;it tlo- ap-N. all oblique 

 at the apex, bearing long, brown, nee, II.- s|i;,ped spines 

 on the veins and midrib: rachis cylindrical or obtusely 

 angled, mealy, clothed with spines like those on the lvs. 

 West Indies. G.C. 1872:1297. 



AA. Lvs. bifid at the apex. 



GranaMnsis, Hort. {.U. Graiiadensis, Hort.). Lvs. 

 roundish oblong or roundisli ovate, entire at the base, 

 bifid at the apex, evenly toothed along the edges: pet- 

 ioles and rachiswitli dark brown, needle-shaped, spread- 

 ing or reflexed spines, 'j-1 in. long. Colombia. 



.Tared G. Smith. 



MARTtNIA i.Toiin r^larr,,,. li;'.ili-17i;.8. professor of 

 botany at (■ainbridge, botanical author and editor of 

 tlie 1 .]■_'. -t . l-r .,t of .'\liller's "Gardeners' Diction- 

 ar\ ' /' ' About 10 species of coarse annuals 



froi I , i.ii-ts of America, a few of which are 



cult. 1 : ;.,„.- ,.r tor ornament. Thev have large 

 sho'.sy i!-. lull Ii !.!;e those of Catalpa in form, the 2 



