1004 



water runs, a boiler tn 

 tin can with compartm. 

 gravity. The yield ot 

 per acre, averaging aljn 

 variety now generally i;r' 



laitl a receiver or 

 •■ oil separates by 

 10 to GO pounds 

 r Black Mint, the 

 L'hree kinds of pepper- 



thi^ 



: recognized : (1) American Mint, "State M 

 of New York {M. piperita), long cultivated in 

 country and occasionally naturalized ; (2) Bliick M 

 or Black Mitcli:im f .U. plpn-itf. -•:,i-. ,.•..'.,■...■..■ i . n m 



productive vurii-tv iiitro.lu.-,.,! if I >. • i. . i .i..,nt li 



and (3) Whit.^ .Mini, ...■ Wlm, W ■ h' .,-- 

 rita, VHT. offii-ncilis], Ir^s |iri.'lii' ■ ■ ■ ! len- 

 der for profltulilt- ruliivaticn, lull \ic[ciiii^.i X i-ry 

 superior grade of oil. Peppermint oil is usud in 

 confectionery, very extensively in medicines, and 

 for the production of menthol, or more properly 

 pipmenthol. Pipmenthol differs in physical pro- 

 perties from menthol derived from Japanese Mint. 



Japanese Mint, M. arvensis, v&v. piperascena, is 

 cult, in northern Japan, chiefly on the island of 

 Hondo : not known in the wild state. It has been 

 intrndnccl px-porimcntally in cult, in England and 

 the T'nitr.l siiii.'x, hut has not been cult, commer- 

 cially in \\ir~. iHiiiii-a. Its oil is inferior in qual- 

 ity to iliat ni \h iillia piperita, but it contains a 

 higher ptrrLuianx- u£ crystallizable menthol, of 

 which it was the original source and for the pro- 

 duction of which it is largely used. It is propa- 

 gated by rootstocks carefully transplanted and cul- 

 tivated by hand-labor. Two crops, rarely tlini'. are 

 obtained in a season, and by aliuiiil mii t. riili/in;; 



and intensive culture large yiill ' : ■ ; It 



is usually continued tlM-ee year^ I ( : : n^r. 



and then a rotation of other cn.i I. i^ii- i-i ir.nii 

 three to six years. Three hoi-iii-uhiuiil \aii>iifs 

 are recognized, being distinguished ehietly by 

 form of leaf and color of stem. The va- 

 riety known as "Akakuki," with reddisli 

 purple stem and broad, obtuse leaves, is 

 regarded as best 



bpearmmt is cultivated on peppermmt 

 farms for the production of oil The 

 plants are propagated and cultivated 

 similar to peppermint and distilled in 

 the same stills The oil for which there 

 IS a smaller demand than for pepper 

 mint oil, IS us( I ihi ll\ in mi li ii in 1 

 to some e\t i I il ! 



lent in drinl 

 in the vicii ii 



supplj salo I I 



of the I Iniit 

 ductn I I 

 "Mint 1 I I 

 km w I 



the t II ill I 1 I I i 



lamb and .^rei n p< is I su| j 1\ this 1 

 mand it is often cultivated in the 

 kitchen garden It is easily propa 

 gated by the perennial root-stocks, and 

 persists year after year with little care, thriving 

 nearly all kinds of soil, providing it does 

 too dry. 



The Pennyroyal of the Old World is Mentha Pulegium. 



A. TTliorls of fis. ill terminnJ spikes or some in the 



B. Spikes thick: Ivs. petiolccl. 

 c. Lvs. lanceolate, acute. 

 piperita, Linn. Peppekmint. Perennial, by runners 

 and rootstocks: stems erect or ascending, 1-3 ft. high, 

 branched, glabrous: lvs. lanceolate, acute, sharply ser- 

 rate. l-H in. lonK. irlabrous or pubescent on the veins be- 

 neath, pun. tall-, with minute oil globules: fls. in thick, 

 terminal siiik.s, 1-:; in. long in fruit, the central spike 

 finally rx.r.Mi. ,1 l,y tliu lateral ones; calyx glabrous be- 

 low, its sluup teeth usually ciliate; corolla purple, 

 rarely white, gl.ilirous. Introduced in cultivation from 

 England and occasionally naturalized in moist ground 

 in various parts of the country. Known as "American 

 Mint" or "State Mint]" in New" York. 



Not known in wild 

 ingly introduced int( 



Var. vulgaris, Sole. Black Mint. Rather stout, 2-3 

 ft. high: Ivs. 2-3^2 in. long; stems usually purple and 

 foliage dark-colored. Native in England, t'ult. in re- 

 cent years in England, Saxony and America. 

 CO. Lcs. ovate or subcordate. 

 citrita, Ehrh. Bkhoamot Mint. Perennial, by leafy 

 Stolons, glabrous throughout: stem decumbent, 1-2 ft. 

 loiii,'. hrancluil: lvs. thin, broadly ovate and ob- 

 tuse iir the uppermost lanceolate and acute; fls. in 

 the uiii)ermr)st axils ancl in slK)rt. ileiise. terminal 

 spikes; calyx glalir"n - . wiili -utiulate teeth; co- 

 rolla glabrous, ypiii I I Ml,..! from Eu- 

 rope, in New York, N. l ■ ■ , l i.n.la and Oliio. 

 -The fragrant, leniMi -, . ,,r, ,| ..,1 w distilled for 

 use in making perfumes, 



BE. Spikes slender, interrupted: Ivs. sessile 



c. Plant glabrous: lvs. lanceolate. 

 spicita, Linn. (Jf. riridis, Linn.). Spearmint. 

 Pig. 1392. Perennial, by leafy stolons; stem erect, 

 with ascending branches 1-2 ft. high; lvs. lanceo- 

 late, shnrplv serrnte, '>M in. or less in length: 

 whnrK ,.t 11- ill iiani-w , interrupted spikcs 2-4 in. 



loiiL'.ilii M ;:i' I ''ding the lateral ones; 



i/aly\ti.tli II ; I I ate. Widely naturalized 



aliiiiit .ilil -anlrii- ilir..u-Iiiint the older settled por- 

 tions of the I'nited States; native in Europe and 



cc. Plant pubescent: lvs. elliptic or ovate-oblong. 

 rotundifdlia, Huds. Round-leaved Mint. Peren- 

 nial, by leafy stolons, pubescent throughout, some- 

 what viscid; stems slender, erect or 

 ascending, simple or branched, 20-30 

 in. high : lvs. subcordate at base, 

 mostly obtuse, crenate-serrate, 1-2 

 in. long and about two-thirds as wide, 

 reticulated beneath : tis. in dense or 

 interrupted spikes 2-4 in. long; calyx 

 pubescent; corolla puberulent. Nat- 

 uralized in moist waste places from 

 Maine to New Mexico.— Sometimes 

 used as a substitute for peppermint 

 or spearmint. 



aa. Wliorls of fls. all axillary. 

 B. Plants usually decumbent: fls. 

 nearly sessile. 

 Canadensis, Linn. American Wild 

 Mint. I'erennial, by runners and 

 routstorks: stem usually pubescent, 

 with spreading hairs, erect or ascen- 

 ing. simple or branched, 6-30 in. 

 high : !v ;, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, 

 glalirou- or nearly so, 2-3 in. long, 

 slender-pctioled, the petioles often 

 ly sessile whorls of light purple fls.: 



1392 Mentha spicata— Spearmin' 



exceeding the nea 

 calyx pubescent, 

 gins of streams. New Brunswick to British Columbia 

 and southward to Virginia and New Mexico. It is a 

 common plant. — Often called peppermint, for which it 

 is frequently mistaken and for which it is sometimes 

 used as a substitute. It is variable in habit and also in 

 the character of its oil. 



BB. Plants somewhat rigidli/ erect: fls. distinctly 



pedicelhd. 



arvensis, var. piperiscens, Malinvaud. Japanese 



JliNT, Perennial, by running rootstocks. pnherulent or 



. ■: Il II, "i. l!-:! ft. high: lvs. lane, nKilr and a.niti^ to 



!■ i, II- and obtuse, narinu..l ai the base, 



1 ■ . in i"ii-. sharply serrate, will, l.nv i,,-tli: lis, in 

 rather 1. .,.><•, axillary whorls, in distiuetly j.edieellate 

 umbels, usually shorter than the slender petioles ; calyx 

 pubescent, its subulate teeth about half as long as the 

 tube; corolla puberulent. Ltstee H. Dewey. 



