MUSHROOM 



cords small rounded bodies formed by the upward 

 trrowtU o£ the threads of mycelium. These increase in 

 size and grow toward the surface of the ground. Each 

 one is the young stage, or button, of the Mushroom. As 

 it enlarges, the upper end ajipears as a round body on a 

 short stalk, thus outliiiiii- in ilir DnKi-yuni.- mmu.- the 

 ditTerent purt^ ..f tli.- inatniv phmt. 'I'll- ljiM- ^hv Imi-hl- 

 ing on tin- uiidri- side ■■f III.' .•.■i|i. 'V]i:\ :ir.- ai ilii- liiiie 



y a loose growth of niycel- 

 er part of the stem to the 

 ns the veil. Tlie gills are 



1043 



jg on the stem (seen 



tlie large number 

 does not vary to i 

 mon Mushroom, 

 istie fruit struct 

 fungi. For this r. 



formity on the part of syst 



generic name for the 



retained the genus Agnn. u- 



and it's near allies, altli.ni- 



Psalliota. Some have .ini 



some Psalliota, others Prate 



to restore the antiquated genus Fungus, and call our 



plant Fiingns campestris. This is not the place for a 



.■\lu~lii-o.iin. Saccardo 



li. imon Mushroom 



■. i.riiini; the subgenus 



1 111.- genus Agaricus, 



still others propose 



1442. Section of a eHI of Aearicus campestris. 



>., trnnia ; sli.. l.ymenium ; b.. basi.lium i St.. 



Iiy the veil, is exposed bef.n. 1 ■ t I - i !' : r. ~ 



by the rupture of the veil. 1 li- M i : , 



etc., belong, therefore, to til.' II ; m. ii..tii\ . . i.- In tin' 

 Oasteroinycetes,on the other lian.l, the >p..n-.s nr.' ma- 

 tured before the hymenium is exposed, as in the puff- 

 iiall, earth-star, etc., which open after the spores are 



ipe. 



discussion of the merits of any of these names, but it 

 seems better in the present instance, at least, to use the 

 generic name Agaricus with the limits of Psalliota 



iilliir Spi'i-ies of the Genus Andricus.— There are a 

 iiiiiiili. r ..f ..tber species of the genus, as thus limited, 

 w lii.li. li..;iuse of their size and esculent qualities, are 



Afj'i .,,,,,,,. 111,. Iliirse Mushroom, grows in 

 gni--v 1 '111.^ .luring the autumn. It is a 

 lar;;.r i : ' ■ < iii.'ii .Mushroom, has a thicker 



iVifs of the ITiiii 



pn.perly set forth til,' i.riii.M,,i.-..i ,i,. ,,..„ ,.i,,l 



by some recent systematic u.uL... Tl., ...i.u,^, luei.t 

 depends on the character of the fruiting surface or 

 hymenium. 



A. Fruiting surface uneven; i. e., in the form of plates, 

 tubes or spinous processes. 



1. Agaricaceae, fruiting surface in the form of plates 



or gills. 



2. Polyporaceee, fruiting surface in the form of pores 



or tubes. 



3. Hydnaeese, fruiting surface in the form of spinous 



or tubercular processes. 

 AA. Fruiting surface even; i. e., not as in A, except in 

 the case of plants of a gelatinous texture. 



4. Clavariace«B, plants more or less erect, standing 



out from the substratum, and covered on all sides 

 by the hymenium. 



5. Thelephoracete, plants either erect or diffxised over 



the surface of the substratum, one side only {in 

 the case of erect plants usually the under side) 

 covered with the hymenium. 

 C. Treraellineie, plants of a gelatinous texture, vari- 



Agaeicace^. — The common Mushroom, Agariais 

 campestris, belongs to this family. The family Agari- 

 cacesB is made up of what are now popularly termed 

 oi/io-ics. Very manv of the si.eeies w.-re ..u.-e placed 

 in the genus .\<;:iri.'ii-. TI.. l-mh- I" .mh,. -- 1 ,.-. that 



genera. In thus mu ;,;,j ;;,. >.;., jn., ',_,!;. us 



aloii" II .- si,,., . I . . 

 the sil ^^1U nl (iil 

 tnely white the cap tt 

 with a shoit thick d 

 { 4 itibiufe I r I 



a long stem 

 has soft sc I 



SllllCOlllS t 



l^^ ei The | I 

 grnvsni t 

 heai I 



dark scales on the surface of tht tap whii h foira a solid 

 patch of dark color at the center In agf the cap is more 

 or less flat, and it has been called the flat-cap Mush- 

 room {A.placomyces). The stem is long, enlarged below, 

 and the ring is double, exactly as in the Horse Mush- 

 room. Agaricus eomtitlus, a small species, rather rare, 

 but with a wide distribution, is regarded with suspicion, 

 by some. 



CoPBiNUS.— In the genus Coprinus, 3 of the edible 

 species are quite common. The spores are black and 

 the gills and more or less of the cap dissolve at maturity 

 into a black fluid. 



