THE INCORPORATORS 165 



moved with his family in 1824. John Strong Newberry, the 

 youngest of nine children, was two years old at this time, having 

 been born at Windsor, Connecticut, December 22, 1822. The 

 flora and fauna about his home, and the fossils found in his 

 father's coal mines roused in his youthful mind an interest in 

 nature, and we find him making large collections before he 

 entered college. Preparing in a special school, he matriculated at 

 the Western Reserve School, and was graduated in 1846. During 

 the last two years of his course he studied medicine and after- 

 wards entered the Cleveland Medical School, from which he 

 received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1848. Sub- 

 sequently he spent two years in Paris in medical studies, and 

 engaged in the practice of his profession for four years at Cleve- 

 land, Ohio. During all this time, he continued his natural 

 history studies and published several papers. Dr. Newberry 

 was appointed in 1855 assistant surgeon in the U. S. Army and 

 botanist and geologist to the expedition, which, under the com- 

 mand of Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, explored the country 

 between San Francisco Bay and the Columbia River. Return- 

 ing to the capital in 1856, while preparing his report, Dr. New- 

 berry served for one year as Professor of Chemistry and Natural 

 History in Columbian College, now George Washington 

 University. The following year he acted as physician and 

 naturalist to the Ives Expedition, and in 1859 as geologist of the 

 San Juan Exploring Expedition. In these two positions the 

 work was very arduous, as journeys were made through some 

 of the wildest portions of the Western country, but much valuable 

 scientific material was gathered. The report of the San Juan 

 Expedition was not published for seventeen years, owing to the 

 unsettled state of the nation caused by the Civil War. Thus, Dr. 

 Newberry lost much credit due to him as an original geological 

 and ethnological observer. 



Abandoning his scientific work at the breaking out of the 

 War, Dr. Newberry entered the sanitary service, where, as 

 secretary of the western department of the United States San- 

 itary Commission, he showed his great executive ability, and 



