102 THE MASTIFF DURING ELIZABETH'S RF.IGX. 



house/' runs as follows : " First the mastie that keepeth the 

 " house, for this purpose you must provide such a one as hath 

 " a large and mighty body, etc." 



From this description we see that mastie, bandog or tie-dog 

 were terms all used to designate the same animal or rather 

 group of dogs, and that those with a large and mighty body 

 were to be selected for watch dogs. This corresponds with 

 Laneham's and Caius's term " bandog of the larger sort." 



Although Googes translation was made in 1631 only, the 

 matter belongs to an earlier date, and accords well with the 

 style of Flemmings's translation of Cains. Before proceeding 

 to show the uses the breed we now term the mastiff was put 

 to, it may give a clearer conception by summarizing the 

 designations of the mastiff and bulldog. 



We see in the time of Cains (1550) the bulldog existed under 

 the term of butcher's dog, and lesser mastiff or bandog, and 

 does not appear to have borne the name of bulldog much before 

 the reign of Queen Anne, and the breed becomes undistinguish- 

 able from the mastiff previous to Elizabeth's reign, until as 

 far back as the classical authors. 



The mastiff or bandog bearing both these titles conjointly 

 with the bulldog down to Anne's reign, about which period the 

 term mastiff became employed only to define the breed we now 

 know by that designation, and it bore the name bandog down 

 to about 1800, when this term used to denote generally a 

 lighter and cross bred animal, and there is ever)- reason for 

 believing that up to 1600 the English mastiff was constantly 

 crossed and recrossed with the bulldog, the main difference 

 being the greater size of the former, owing to larger blood 

 having been introduced into it at an early period, and it is 



