POLITICAL HISTORY 



Dukes of Norfolk, Earls of Arundel and Surrey, were again great men 

 in both Surrey and Sussex. 



The great local influence of the earldom may be said to have ceased 

 with the death of Thomas de Arundel in 1415. During the Wars of 

 the Roses, the de Clare inheritance being permanently broken up and 

 the de Warenne inheritance being also divided, there was no one great 

 baron of overwhelming importance in the county. The succession of 

 earls after the last de Warenne till Elizabeth's reign was as follows : 

 Richard II. of Arundel succeeded lure matris as Earl of Surrey and 

 Warenne in August, 1361 ; died in 1376. Richard III., his son, was 

 beheaded by King Richard II. in 1397. Thomas Holland, nephew 

 to the king and to the late earl, whose sister's son he was, was made 

 Duke of Surrey in 1397, was deprived in 1399, and beheaded in 1400. 

 Thomas de Arundel, son of the earl beheaded in 1397, was restored 

 in 1399, and died in 1415. John Mowbray, great-grandson of a 

 daughter of Richard III. of Arundel, was created Earl of Surrey and 

 Warenne in 1451. He succeeded his father as Duke of Norfolk in 

 1461, and died in 1476. Richard, son of King Edward IV., having 

 married Norfolk's only child, Anne, was created Earl of Warenne 

 (perhaps of Surrey) in 1478, and was murdered in the Tower in 1483. 

 Thomas Howard I., son to John Howard Duke of Norfolk, and great- 

 grandson to a daughter of Richard III. of Arundel, was created Earl 

 of Surrey in June, 1483. He was attainted after Bosworth, where his 

 father was killed. He was restored as Earl of Surrey in 1489. After 

 winning Flodden Field he was created Duke of Norfolk, and resigned 

 the earldom of Surrey in favour of his son Thomas Howard II. in 

 1514. Thomas II., narrowly escaping death at the hands of Henry 

 VIII., was attainted in 1547, restored in 1553, and died in 1554. 

 His son Henry Howard, executed in 1547, was only Earl of Surrey 

 by courtesy. Thomas Howard III., grandson to Thomas Howard II., 

 succeeded as Duke of Norfolk and Earl of Surrey in 1554, and was 

 beheaded in 1572. His son succeeded only as Earl of Arundel iure 

 matris, and died a prisoner in the Tower. James I. restored his son 

 as Earl of Arundel and Surrey. Charles I. created him Earl of Norfolk ; 

 and his grandson was restored as Duke of Norfolk by Charles II. in 1660. 

 The titles of Duke of Norfolk and Earl of Surrey have continued ever 

 since united in his representatives. 



The influence of the two great houses in the county left its mark 

 upon the parliamentary arrangements which were beginning to be made 

 when the names of de Clare and de Warenne were formidable, and when 

 Blechingley and Reigate Castles were the capitals or citadels of poten- 

 tates, possible rivals to each other or to the king. Hence the represen- 

 tation of these two places in Parliament from Edward I.'s reign till 1832 

 and 1867 respectively. The county town, Guildford, was of course repre- 

 sented as all other county towns were. Guildford was the ancient county 

 town so far as we know. In 1259 certainly a complaint was made to 

 the king of the inconvenience of the justices sitting in the County Court 



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