HYPERTROPHY AND HYPERPLASY. 93 



pathological new formations, which, as far as the prog- 

 nosis is concerned, may unquestionably be called benig- 

 nant ; it is not rare for a new formation to occur at a 

 point where it is certainly entirely misplaced, but at the 

 same time does not occasion any considerable mischief. 

 A lump of fat may very likely arise in a place where we 

 should expect no fat, as, for example, in the submucous 

 tissue of the small intestines, but, let the worst come to 

 the worst, the result is only a polypus, which protrudes 

 on the inner surface of the , bowel, and may become 

 tolerably large without giving rise to any symptoms of 

 disease. 



If we consider the structures which are called 

 heterologous in the more restricted sense of the word, 

 with reference, namely, to the points at which they 

 arise, they may be easily separated from the homo- 

 logous ones (hotnoeoplastic ones of Lobstein), by their 

 deviating from the type of the part in which they arise. 

 When a fatty tumour arises in fatty tissue, or a connec- 

 tive tissue (fibrous) tumour Bindegewebs-Geschwulst) in 

 connective tissue, the type followed in the formation of 

 the new structure is homologous to the type followed in 

 the formation of the old one. All such formations are, 

 as usually designated, included under the term hyper- 

 trophy, or under that of hyperplasia, if we adopt the 

 name I have proposed for the sake of more accurate dis- 

 tinction. Hypertrophy, according to the meaning which 

 I attach to the word, designates those cases in which the 

 individual elements af a structure take up a considerable 

 amount of matter, and thereby become larger ; and in 

 consequence of the simultaneous enlargement of a num- 

 ber of elements, at last the whole of an organ may be- 

 come swollen. When a muscle becomes thicker, all its 

 primitive fasciculi become thicker. A liver may become 

 hypertrophied simply in consequence of a considerable 



