HAY. 45 



from permament mixed pastures ; it may be up'and meadow or 

 water meadow ; the latter is not lit for horses. Upland meadow 

 hay is the hav most nsed for fast horses, and trainers are very 

 particular to see that it is u-ood. [t is sometimes largely 

 mixed with buttercups, dandelions, and other injurious herbage. 

 If good and well made it will be green and have a niue smell. 

 Italian rye grass makes a good hay for any kind of stock, though 

 it is more used in its green state, being much grown near cities 

 where sewage irrigation has beeu introduced. Clover hay when 

 well made is nutritious and fattening, but is spoiled with less rain 

 than meadow hay. AVhen made in good weather it will be leafy, 

 and much liked by horses. Much the same may be said of 

 sainfoin hay, which is better than clover. A mixture of green 

 oats and vetches makes a useful hay for any stock. Lncern is 

 little grown in England, but is much grown in good deep land 

 in warmer climates, where it grows several crops in a year. 



91. — In climates too dry, or on land too poor for long grass, 

 oaten hay is much grown, and it does very well for horses of any 

 description. The oats should be sown thickly and cut about 

 three weeks before the corn is ripe. When well made, oaten hay 

 will be green, but it is often left too long in the field Ijoth Itefore 

 and after cutting. On rich swampy land Timothy grass will 

 give heavy crops of hay, and although coarse looking, animals do 

 well on it. 



92. — A great many horses are much injured in wind by 

 getting an unlimited quantity of hay. Most trainers and many 

 coachmen prefer hay more than one year old. "We suspect that 

 the only advantage of using it is that the horses do not like it so 

 well, and therefore eat less of it, an advantage that may be 

 secured by giving only a weighed allowance. It sometimes happens 

 that finer weather has enabled the liay of a preceding year to be 

 better made than that of a current year, which would be of course 

 a very substantial reason for preferring it. 



93. — Roots for horses include carrots, parsnips, Swede 

 turnips, kohl rabi, mangold wurzel, and potatoes. All horses 

 will eat carrots eagerly ; they often require some teaching before 

 they appreciate other roots : this may be done by mixing them 



