220 USEFUL PLANTS OF GUAM. 



Huckers. Flowers small, white, remote, in small si)ik('s; periantli with 3 inner equal 

 ohovate lohes and '.i outer minute ones; fertile stamens it, the .! inner ones witli 2 

 ^rlands at the hase, the filaments of the 8 outer ones i)etal-like, of tlie6 others liliform; 

 fruit luuiiil, nne-seeded, inclosed t>y the perianth and erowned by ita lobes; ovary 

 free, style short, stigma depressed. 

 Kkkkkknces: 

 Casxi/thafiliformis L. Sp. PI. 1: 35. 1753. 



Casta ( I'hilii)pine8). See Jatrnpha cnrcas. 



Castor-bean. See Ricinus communis. 



Casuarina equisetifolia. Polynesian ironwood. Plate xli. 



Family Casuarinaeeae. 



Local names. — Gago (Guam); Agoho (Philippines); Toa (Samoa, Rarotonga); 

 Aito (Tahiti); Swamp oak, She-oak, Beef-wood (Australia). 

 A leafless tree w'ith drooping branches, somewhat like a pine in general a]>i>ear- 

 ance. Branches (i to 8-angled or terete, jointed like the stems of an Equisetuni, with 

 6 to H sheath teeth at the joints. The genus to which the plant belongs, though 

 foniierlv classed with the conifers, is now recognized as the only known genus of a 

 distiui't family. The flowers are unisexual, the staminate in cylindrical terminal 

 spikes and the pistillate in dense heads borne in the axils and ripening into a cone, 

 which is corky and buoyant and incloses winged seeds (see p. 75). 



The wood is heavy, strong, and very hard, of a red color when fresh, but turning 

 a dark l)rown with age. It is excellent for fuel. In Samoa the natives make spears 

 and war clubs of it. In Guam it is scarcely at all utilized, as it is hard to work. In 

 the Hawaiian Islands it has been planted along the sea beach and grows rapidly and 

 readily. It loves sandy soil, and will grow in brackish localities. The natives of 

 Samoa prize it so highly that they often plant it near their dwellings. There a large 

 tree is seldom seen, and the young trees are straight and spindling. At Waikiki, 

 near Honolulu, there is a beautiful avenue of it, planted within comparatively recent 

 time. There the trees grow straight. In Guam it is abundant along sandy beaches, 

 especially on the east shore of the island. It also grows on the high "sabanas," 

 where it is usually the only tree, but it never grows within the forest. All the Guam 

 trees have twisted and gnarled trunks, from the effect of hurricanes. 



The species is of wide tropical distribution. It is indigenous in Australia, on the 

 Malayan Islands, and on the east side of the Bay of Bengal, and occurs on many 

 islands of the Pacific, extending eastward to the Marquesas and northward to the 

 Mariannes. It is cultivated in many warm countries, including the Hawaiian Islands, 

 southern Florida, California, and Uruguay. 



References: 



Casiuirina equisetifolia Stickman, Herb. Amb. 1754; Amoen. Acad. 4: 143. 1759. 



Casue ((inam). See Anacardium occidentale. 



Cathartocarpus fistula Pers. Same as Cassia fistula. 



Cator (Philippines). See Jatropha cnrcas. 



Caturai ((luam, Philippines). See Agati grandifiora. 



Cauayang: tinic (Philippines). See Bambos bluineana 



Caudolejeunia. See under Ifepaticx. 



Caulerpa. See under Algn'. 



Cayam (Cebu). See Bocoa edulis. 



Cayenne pepper. See Capsicum, annuum cerasiforme and C. frutescens. 



Ceanotlius asiaticus. Same as Colubrina asiatica. 



Cebolla (Spanish). See Allium cepa. 



Cebolla halom-tano (Guam). An orchid, Luisia teretifolia. 



