DlSKASKS AND PEgTS OF PLANTS. 49 



the larva is about l / M to Y, inch in length, of a semi-transparent whitish or yellowish 

 colour. with large. shiny black head and dark cervical and anal shields. The body 

 shows regularly arranged spots with short hairs. When full-grown the larva; are 

 about : > t inch in length. The majority are of a pinkish or flesh colour, which is 

 much lighter or absent on the nnder-side. The spots in which the minute hairs are 

 situated are but little darker than the body-wall, but can be easily distinguished 

 with a hand-lens. The adult insect or moth is quite variable in size, but the wings 

 never expand over % inch. The tip of the front wings bear a large dark-brown spot 

 on which there are two irregular broken rows of scales, which have a coppery 

 metallic colour, and with some reflections of light they appear golden. The codling- 

 moth ] >asses the winter as a hibernating larva in a silken cocoon, under loose rubbish. 

 loose bark, cracks and erevices of apple-trees, in houses where wormy fruit has been 

 stored, or in boxes which have been used for handling wormy fruit; in fact, in any 

 convenient place near to where a larva may have left a wormy fruit. Early in the 

 spring the larva 1 that have survived the winter change to pupie, the adults emerging 

 about the time the young fruit has formed. In cases of severe infestation, where 

 proper control methods have not been adopted, the entire apple-crop may become 

 unmarketable through the attack of this pest. 



Control. At the present time any outbreak of this pest is dealt with by officials 

 of the Department of Agriculture with a view to its eradication. If a wormy apple 

 is found in your orchard, notify your nearest Inspector and send specimens to the 

 office of the Plant Pathologist and Entomologist, Vernon, B.C. 



THE LESSER APPLE-WORM (Enannonia prunivora). 



The larva of this moth is sometimes mistaken for the larva of the codling-moth, 

 as it attacks the fruit in a similar manner. In several States of the Union this 

 moth is considered a close second to the codling-moth as an injurious pest. It was 

 first reported as being present in British Columbia in 1895 by the late Dr. James 

 Fletcher. The moth has been bred from various host-plants and is probably a native 

 of the North American Continent. 



Control. Owing to the close resemblance of its work to that of the larva of the 

 codling-moth and the difficulty of growers not acquainted with the two pests to dis- 

 tinguish between them, it is advised that any infestation of this nature be reported 

 to the nearest Inspector and treated according to his instructions. 



THE BUD-MOTH (Tinrtoct-m 



This insect is becoming a serious pest in British Columbia. The insect passes 

 the winter as a hibernating larva about three parts grown, emerging in the spring 

 about the time the buds begin to expand. The time of emergence may vary by as 

 much as two weeks, depending on the earliness of the season. If the buds are not 

 open when they leave their winter quarters they will gnaw into them; if open they 

 crawl inside. They attack both leaf and fruit-buds and sometimes bore down inside 

 the twigs for a few inches. The adult stage is reached early in the summer, the 

 young larva- of the new brood emerging towards the end of June. These attack 

 the fruit as well as the foliage, and if in considerable numbers will materially injure 

 the crop. 



Control. A spray of arsenate of lead 2 Ib. to 40 gallons of water thoroughly 

 applied when the buds begin to swell will materially reduce this pest. The arsenate 

 of lead might be advantageously used in combination with the regular application 

 of lime-sulphur in the spring; i.e., add 2 Ib. of arsenate of lead to each 40 gallons 

 of dilute lime-sulphur. 



Tin-: < IYSTI U-SHELL SCALE (Lci>iil<ix<ii>licx nlmi). 



Little attention has been given to this scale by many fruit-growers, consequently 

 it has rapidly increased in all districts. There is only one brood each year, the 

 young hatching in late May or early June. The winter is passed in the egg stage. 



