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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 





16. Oyster-shell scale. Co) Female scale 

 from below showing eggs: <6) same from 

 above, greatly enlarged: (c> female scales on 

 twig, about natural size: c/i male scale 

 enlarged ; (e) male scales, about natural size. 

 (From Year-book, /894, U.S. Dept. Agr.) 



Control. This scale is very resistant 

 to sprays, except in the young stage, 

 immediately after hatching, when it 

 may be easily controlled. The young 

 hatch from the last week in May to 

 the first or second week of June, the 

 variation being 'due to locality and 

 climatic conditions. The fruit - grower 

 should therefore carefully watch for the 

 appeararce of the young scales, which 

 will appear as tiny yellow specks on 

 the bark, and if closely watched will 

 be seen to move. As soon as these are 

 ed an application of nicotine sul- 

 phate 40 per cent., 1 part to 1,000 parts 

 of water, plus ."> lb. of whale-oil soap 

 to each 100 gallons of solution, should 

 be immediately applied, as only a few 

 days will elapse before the young scales 

 attach themselves to the bark or fruit 

 and commence to cover themselves with 

 their protecting scale. Apply spray with 

 a power-sprayer, using not less than 

 200 lb. pressure. 



THE ELBOPEAX FRUIT-SCALE (Aspidiotus ostr&eformis) . 



This insect, which somewhat resembles the San Jose scale in appearance, has 

 become a common pest within the last few years. The fully formed scale of the 

 adult female often reaches a diameter of */ = inch. It is circular, and. if it has been 

 rubbed or self-ruptured, shows the small orange-coloured larval exuvia. In the San 

 Jose scale this exuvia is reddish-yellow, though in some cases dark-coloured, the 

 female scale being a little smaller than the European fruit-scale; i.e., */ a to -/-, inch. 

 It is. however, so difficult for the average fruit-grower to distinguish between the 

 two that it is desirable to send in suspected specimens to the office of the Plant 

 Pathologist and Entomologist, Vernon. B.C., for identification. This pest attacks 

 plums, apples, pears, apricots, nectarines, peaches, and has also been found on the 

 cultivated currant. It is also quite common on some of our native wild trees, uud 

 frequently found associated with the oyster-shell scale (Lr;//- 'mi i. Severe 



injuries and even the death of severely infested trees are caused by this insect. 



Control. The application of lime-sulphur, 1 part to 9 parts of water, in the early 

 spring, when the trees are still dormant, is desirable, but a summer treatment should 

 also be given as for the oyster-shell scale, tc/iicft see. 



SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) . 



This is a [test with which the British Columbia fruit-grower has not, as yet, to 

 contend, and it is to be hoped he may retain his immunity for a long time to come. 

 If this is to be the case, however, it is necessary that the grower take sufficient 

 interest in the matter to report any suspicious case. The pest is common and 

 destructive in the Pacific States, and there is always a danger of its being introduced. 

 As mentioned in the preceding article on European fruit-scale, there is a close 

 resemblance between the tv i, and expert knowledge is often necessary for 



their discrimination. Anything suspicious should therefore be sent to either the 

 Vernon or Vancouver office for determination. Outbreaks of San Jose scale are 

 dealt with "by the Government inspection staff with a view to complete eradication, 

 and hence it is not necessary here to enlarge on control measures. 



